The Evolution of Public Administration in American...

Public administration as a field of study and as a practice has continually evolved with American society. The United States has survived and thrived through major cultural shifts, varying degrees of economic climates, and both civil and world wars. Through out all these changes in our country, one thing has always remained the same, the fact that we are an ever evolving and always changing nation. Theories and forms of practice of public administration have also evolved parallel with the history of the United States. There have been numerous events in American history have lead to changes in society and the practice of public administration has both led and followed in the adaptation process of such monumental changes. Public†¦show more content†¦The collection, Papers on the Science of Administration, saw the arrival of Gulick’s well-known mnemonic POSDCORB, which stands for his idea of the seven major functions of management. The United States government grew exponentially during the 1930’s and 1940’s. Large-scale government programs, such as the Work Projects Administration and the Social Security Administration, which were aimed at pulling the nation out of the Great Depression, were created during this time period. It was also during this time period that the President’s Committee on Administrative Management, or commonly called the Brownlow Committee convened. The Brownlow Committee made sweeping recommendations regarding the administrative organization of the office of the President. These recommendations ultimately led to the creation of the Executive Office of the President. (Shafritz, Russell, Borick, 2011, pg. 100-102) During the following dec ades the nation then experienced a period of prosperity and continued expansion. Correspondingly, the field of public administration and government, in general, continued to grow in power and scope. The 1960’s and 1970’s ushered in an era of change across every segment of American society. The Civil Rights Era, the protests of the war in Vietnam and the burgeoning counter-culture movement revolutionized the thoughts, values and principles of American society. A revolutionShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Programs and Services for Aging Populations Over the Last Fifty Years864 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of Programs and Services for Aging Populations Over the Last Fifty Years The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of programs and services for aging population over the last fifty years. Toward this end, this brief study will conduct a review of literature that addresses these shifts and changes in policy. The timeline of the history of the services and pogroms for the aging population in the United States is shown in the following timeline and an explanation for these developsRead Moreâ€Å"the Political Context†635 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Political Context† Describe how the Founder’s conception of the Constitution (reflected in Madison’s arguments) influenced the evolution of American public administration. In Madison’s arguments he wanted the powers in the departments to be sufficient, flaw less, and have it where the different departments kept each other in their appropriate position. With this being said, Madison believed that his observations would be able to place these powers within the departments into a more properRead MoreHow Corporate Greed Is Uniquely A Part Of A Public Administration970 Words   |  4 PagesThis weeks forum question is what brings you here and interests you. I became a public administration student after many careers in multiple fields of management. These included retail, healthcare and currently, technology. I am very interested in organizational structure and management. The field of public administration is all encompassing and goes hand in hand with organizational management studies. I do have an interest as well in local government. I grew up in a terrific, but non-politicalRead MoreSignificant Health Care Event1225 Words   |  5 PagesSig nificant Health Care Event Eugene Whitehead HCS/531 February 18, 2013 Ann Gantzer Science and technology have always been joined at the hip. The evolution of health care services in the United States (U. S.) undoubtedly has been shaped at least in part by advancements in scientific research and knowledge, and technological innovation (Shi amp; Singh, 2012). The following exploration focuses on ways a specific scientific or technological event or innovation affected health care provisionRead MoreReligions Place in Education Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesstate laws and regulations. As of today religion is still a very emotional issue between Christian churches and schools. Issues such as prayer in school, reciting the pledge of allegiance (under God), teaching the Ten Commandments or evolution, are prohibited in public schools today. Educational administrators must be aware of these issues and the laws that must be adherent to. Religious Issues The Constitution made no reference to religious liberties of United States citizens during ratificationRead MoreThe Evolution of Federalism and Housing Policy Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesJay drafted the Federalist Papers to persuade the state of New York to ratify the newly drafted United States Constitution, they could never have envisioned the controversy that the political theory of Federalism would generate, and the subsequent evolution of federalism that would follow. The Framers of the Constitution never planned for the federal government to be directly involved with the general welfare of people living within the United States beyond ensuring for a national defense and the creationRead MoreThe Secret Of Conspiracy Theory1099 Words   |  5 Pagesand presidential speeches to an analysis of broad trend that in his view reflected the emergence of cultural conspiracy based on power of covert sphere. As he argues of his book, postmodern era has become dependent on â€Å"ins titutional secrecy and public fascination with the secret work of the state† to maintain its legality. Like Fenster, Mely suggests by admitting cultural conspiracy as paranoia; it misjudges the extent of covert sphere as a dream world. Melly brilliantly demonstrates â€Å"plausibleRead MoreImpact Of Sports On Society1371 Words   |  6 Pages1920’s Impact of Sports on Society The 1920’s were an important time period in America’s history. The horrors of World War one were at long last over and society was collectively ready to move on to greener pastures. Americans proceeded vigorously to make life feel more refined than before the war. From the mass production of automobiles and the automation of everything imaginable to the rebirth of African-American culture and fine arts, the world had drastically changed. One such instrument inRead MoreIs There a Philippine Public Administration1548 Words   |  7 PagesPhilippine Public Administration, he negatively stated that there is a Philippine public administration by repeatedly stating, Its all very Filipino. He even stated that ...the existing public administration is faithfully Filipino.. I must agree with his statement because indeed, a Philippine public administration exists, I believe in terms of structure. I would like to quote Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez on their statement. Yes we have basic public administration structuresRead MoreThe Death Penalty Throughout History1074 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper explores how society has influenced the development of the death penalty throughout history. It begins with a brief explanation of the origins of capital punishment, referencing the first known documentation of actions punishable by death. The paper goes on to explore different methods of execution and how they have progressed and changed over the years. Documented cases at different points of history are referenced to show the relationship of time periods and beliefs to the implementation

The French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte Essay

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military leader and eventual political leader in France who was able to seize power during the end of the French Revolution of the late 1790s and early 1800s. Napoleon was the leader of France from 1804 to 1815 and mostly remembered as a leader in a cycle of European battles. He institutionalized the changes brought about by the French Revolution and sought to spread them throughout Europe. It has been long debated the factors that allowed Napoleon to seize power and eventually crown himself emperor. Such factors that have been considered have been Napoleons personality, his military exploits, the failings of the Directory, support of the people and army and even sheer luck. Napoleons personality has†¦show more content†¦In 1796 as a young officer of 27 years old, Napoleon was given command of the French army in Italy. In his proclamation to his troops, Napoleon said, The two armies which but recently attacked you with audacity are fleeing before you in terror; the wicked men who laughed at your misery and rejoiced at the thought of the triumphs of your enemies are confounded and trembling. Acts like this display the strong personality that Napoleon possessed and how his endearing nature captivated his troops. The control and support of the army was effective in enabling Bonaparte to eventually seize power. Napoleon has been recognised as a military genius. His various military exploits have been widely regarded as great feats and his military prowess was definitely an important factor is his ascension to power. Napoleon has been said to be a great tactician and strategist in war which was essentially why he was able to progress through the ranks of military also while becoming a national hero. In 1793, the then young Napoleon became a national hero by leading the recapture of the French port of Toulon from the British which drew the attention of the upper echelons. As a reward for his services, the RepresentativesShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution, a revolutionary movement of extensive social and political upheavals triggered by the dissatisfaction of the monarchy. Inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Third Estate overthrew the monarchy and established many different governments and constitutions. These proved to be unhelpful and useless as anyone who came into power was blinded by it and became unreliable until Napoleon Bonaparte. Born as the fourth child of the Bonaparte, Napoleon grew up desiring to beRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte and The French Revolution2105 Words   |  8 PagesNapoleon and The French revolution Napoleon Bonaparte was a visionary to some, and a ruthless ruler to others. The purpose of the French revolution was to free the oppressed and stop the bloodshed that was occurring in France. The real question is whether Napoleon was the legitimate heir to the visions of the French revolution. Napoleon was in essence a very powerful man that took control of France but threw out many of the ideals of the French Revolution. His actions during his takeover whereRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1481 Words   |  6 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who was determined and had strong ambition the helped him conquer most of Europe in just 30 years. He rapidly rose to power through promotions during the French revolution (1789-1799). After gaining power in France he crowned himself the emperor in 1804. He was an ambitious and skillful militant how staged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded the French empire howeverRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1189 Words   |  5 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte is remembered as a more significant ruler who redefined the history of not only France but also Europe, and the world at large. Interestingly, he went about realizing his objectives by both continuing and breaking from the aims of the revolutionary predecessors. His battleground was critical to determine his prowess by either supporting or opposing the path that had been laid before him. Napoleon made tremendous contributions towards changing the political structure of FranceRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte : The Downfall Of The French Revolution702 Words   |  3 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte was a military leader whose fame reached his peak in the French Revolution. He would serve as the Emperor of France from 1804-1814; He would resume this role in 1815 during the Hundred Days. He would become one of the most successful emperors in all of France and world history. He would win many wars and build a huge empire that ruled across Europe. His legacy has been analyzed by historians and learned by students in modern time. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on AugustRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte Betrayed the Ideas of the French Revolution 622 Words   |  3 PagesNapoleon did not always follow through with his theories and ideas about the well being of France with actions, making him very hypocritical; there are however some contrasting points to suggest that not all his choices were insincere. Therefore his initial claims and theories were not completed, his actions contradicted his preliminary ideas. Consequently, Napoleon betrayed the ideas of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. We can see how Napoleon Bonaparte repeatedly opposedRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte and The Legacy of the French revolution Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples of equality, fraternity and liberty, the French revolution spanned from 1789-1799. The revolution was a historical world landmark for the massive bloodshed and intensity of the revolution. The country was torn apart by political and religious turmoil which had persisted for over a decade. The revolution began due to the resentment of feudalism, civil inequality and religious intolerance that was present in France. The people of the revolution wanted France to establish a new political andRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte : A Powerful Person Of The French Revolution947 Words   |  4 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the most powerful person of the French Revolution. Today, many countries world-wide still remember his name because observing his legacy; his name will be forever in the human history. â€Å"Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769, in Ajaccio, Corsica, France. He died in 1821, on the island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. Napoleon was the most distinguished leaders in the history of the West† (â€Å"Napoleon†). According to the article, Napoleon’s dreams were to organizeRead MoreThe French Revolution: Napoleon Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages The French Revolution was a period of social and political turmoil in France from 1789 to 1799 that greatly affected modern and French history. It marked the decline of powerful monarchies and the rise of democracy, individual rights and nationalism. This revolution came with many consequences because of the strive for power and wealth, but also had many influential leaders attempting to initiate change in the French government and the economy. In 1789 the people of France dismissed King Louis XVIRead MoreBonaparte Betrayed the Revolution1638 Words   |  7 PagesBonaparte Betrayed the Revolution ‘Bonaparte betrayed the revolution.’ Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer. Napoleon Bonaparte’s attitude towards the French Revolution is one that has often raised questions. That the revolution had an influence on Bonaparte’s regime cannot be denied – but to what extent? When one looks at France after Napoleon’s reign it is clear that he had brought much longed for order and stability. He had also established institutions that embodied the

A House Divided Abortion and Slavery in America Free Essays

In the article â€Å"A House Divided: Abortion and Slavery in America,† the author draws a parallelism between abortion and slavery. The article notes four premises around which the arguments for both abortion and slavery similarly revolve as advocates of both practices justify their actions. In rejecting the arguments of the pro-slavery and the pro-choice camps on identical grounds, the author admonishes society not to replicate its past mistake. We will write a custom essay sample on A House Divided: Abortion and Slavery in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first premise, slaves and in utero children are being regarded as properties. Since they are both properties, it is presumed that their owners retain the right to decide what to do about them. Slave owners, therefore, have the right to do whatever they want to do with the slaves that they â€Å"own† and pregnant women should be allowed to decide whether to keep or abort their â€Å"own† fetuses. The second premise involves the economics of the situations, i.e.: slave owners, in particular, and the nation’s economy, in general, profit from the labor of the slaves while women turn to abortion in order to escape the burden of raising a child under conditions of abject poverty especially when the child is unwanted for whatever reason. Third, both the slave owners and the pregnant women argue that their actions are morally acceptable under specific conditions: when the slaves acquiesce to their situation and the pregnancy endangers the life of the mother. Finally, both the slave owners and the pregnant women claim that they are only doing what is best for the slaves and the fetuses. In the former case, owners argue that slaves have better security if they remain slaves because the owners feed and protect them than when they are freed and left by their lonesome to face the harshness of the world. In the case of the fetus of a poor woman, abortion is considered a humanitarian assurance that the child does not experience the evils of life of poverty. The author rejects all of these premises on the ground that they are one-sided. In other words, only the slave owners and the pregnant women are endowed with the rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† The author argues that by denying the same rights to the slaves and the fetuses would be to deny them of their humanity as well. Therefore, the author maintains that both slavery and abortion could not be considered morally right since these practices deny the slaves and the fetuses (who are also considered human beings in the eyes of the law) of their human rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† Reference A House Divided: Abortion and Slavery in America. Attachment to order # 71203674.    How to cite A House Divided: Abortion and Slavery in America, Papers

Chapel Talk Essay Example For Students

Chapel Talk Essay Good morning. I dont think I can even begin to relate just how terrifying this is, so heres what Im gonna do instead; Ill mumble, speak much too quickly, avoid all eye contact, and use overly-dramatic hand gestures. And since its too early in the morning and school year to picture any of you naked, thisll have to do. In my lifetime, my family has owned and sheltered over one hundred and fifty dogs, cats, horses, goats, sheep, and various other species. My residence has acted as both a foster home and a rehab center for any animal we could make room for. Most stay with us permanently, but we havent been lucky enough to help every animal weve come across. But the bliss of the successful adoptions greatly overshadows the disappointment of those unsuccessful. It really all began with my mother. Having grown up in a city, she didnt have the luxury of pets until she had a house of her own. She soon made up for all the animals she didnt have as child three times over. She taught my siblings, myself, and even my father to respect and adore our fellow mammals. But even she has her favorites, and so weve owned more dogs than anything else. Her absolute favorite, (and everybody elses), was Breda. Breda, (who was, incidentally, named after a mispronunciation of a German town), was a German Shepard/ keeshond mix, and the first dog my parents adopted when they moved into their first house back in 1978. It was three years before Breda gave justice to her breed, fiercely guarding, or sheparding, if you will, my newborn sister as if it were her own. Her most incredible feat involved my little brother, Myles. Since both my parents work full-time, my sister, brother, and I were juggled among multiple babysitters. The one who was watching us when Myles was just under two years old made the horrendous mistake of staying on the phone long enough for him to toddle quite a few miles away from the house, down long, winding roads, fast cars, sharp turns, and everything else you could possiblly imagine. While my mother was at work, she received a phone call from a not-so-nearby neighbor, informing her of my brothers little odyssey. It turned out that Breda had followed Myles closer than his own shadow, all the while trying to steer him back towards the house. She wasnt successful in these attempts, but it appeared that the only was our neighbor were able to recognize my brother, who was a fairly new addition, and know whom to deliver him to, was Breda. The woman knew who the dog was, just not the baby it was following. Breda lived another fourteen wonderful years before succumbing to a spinal condition hereditary to many German Shepards. Chloe was a genuine freak of nature. Chloe was also one of the few animals that my family hadnt needed to rescue. She was adopted as a kitten by my parents around the same time as Breda. She died six months ago at the ripe old age of twenty-two. But that isnt the only thing that made her unique. Chloe somehow managed to outlive feline leukemia, an overactive thyroid, deafness, cancer, kidney problems, and a quarter-of-a-decades worth of being chased around by canines twenty times her size. I remember that when I used to call home, I could tell what room the person who answered the phone was in judging by Chloes incessant meowing. Rusty, a Germ an Shepard /Collie mix, was abandoned in a boggy salt marsh in southern Canada, in the middle of one of the coldest winters on record, when he was only two weeks old. For anyone who isnt familiar with a marsh, its basically large tracks of rather barren, open land with sporadically placed craters thatre filled with mud and cold sea water. I was never told exactly how anyone found him in such a desolate, isolated wasteland, but it goes without saying he was quite alone in the world. It took months of treats and numerous bites of which I still bare the scars before he would even allow me to approach him. Genuine Ticket and Lotta Funs Best, who are commonly known as Ticket and Best, are two of the seven horses my family owns, and some of the thirty-something horses we board. They were both racehorses, a breed known as thoroughbreds, which were scheduled to be sold at horsemeat auctions once their racing careers were over. Best was a horse of average ranking in the race circuit, but he clearly wasnt made for it. His temper was erratic and he often refused to race once he reached the starting gates. Such disobedience wasnt tolerated, so his career and life were about to be terminated. Ticket was a well-mannered mare of significant capabilities. Though she showed promise, she was so mild that the other horses often manhandled her. This led to an ankle injury which is not only fatal for a racing profession, but for any horse. Even after my mother adopted Ticket, we feared that she might have to be euthanized. Luckily, she pulled through, and with a strict regiment of exercises and medicine, she can now be used for riding lessons. I dont think Joey ever had a more formal show name, but you wouldnt have known by looking at him. When I was twelve, my mother decided to get a horse of her own, and found Joey. At the time he was twenty-five, but still magnificent. In his prime, Joey was an internationally ranked jumping champion. In past years, he was worth a small fortune , but due to a compassionate owner, was never sold until he retired with us. He was bony but sweet, talented, and the best horse Ive ever met. He used to even let some of our barn cats sleep on his back while he ate. When he was twenty-seven, he slipped on a patch of ice and tore a ligament in his left rear leg. It was severe, and even with surgery, he would still have been lame. Being old and having lived a good life, we decided that it was in Joeys best interests to be let go. This all happened right before I moved to Groton, and he is still buried under the barn at our old house. Guy was a purebred German Shepard that we adopted when he was three years old. He had been abused for so long, he maintained bad habits that were almost impossible to break at his age. For example, Guy often became excited, usually by running, laughing, screaming and what not. He would become extremely violent, though he wasnt a hostile or aggressive dog by nature. He just didnt know any better. Guys pre vious owner was an old, invalid woman who was incapable of taking proper care of him. Consequently, Guy was tightly chained to a tree for the entire three years she had owned him. At times he would go so long without food that he would chew on nearby rocks, and had worn down his teeth almost to the gums. One day a few years after we adopted Guy, a neighbor was walking up our driveway towards the house. Guy didnt recognize her and became excited at the sight of a stranger. The situation got out of hand, and Guy somehow bit a large chunk of flesh out of the girls thigh. She was understandably hysterical when she was rushed to the emergency room, and her parents demanded that Guy be destroyed immediately. I wasnt at home at the time, and so I never got a chance to say goodbye. .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .postImageUrl , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:hover , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:visited , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:active { border:0!important; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:active , .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub80197e03a8966a94bceea4d926526ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes of binge drinking Essay Kane, (as in Citizen Kane), was a two-year-old St. Bernard that was found abandoned in an apartment in Brooklyn. My mother loves big dogs especially, and Kane soon was a welcome addition to our rather large family. Kane also had the same behavioral disorder that Guy had, except he had hip displacure. Since Kanes condition rendered him almost completely immobile, we thought him to be an idle threat. I wasnt home again when Kane went on a literal killing-spree, destroying several goats and sheep. When I did return home, Kane had already been put to sleep, and the vet was in process of putting down a sheep that had been torn to pieces but wasnt quite dead. As Ive described at length, the rehabilitation of a rescued animal is a long, time-consuming, and strenuous process. The older the animal is, the harder, longer, and more unlikely rehabilitation is. Sadly enough, shelters that receive any financial aid from any federal branch are forced to euthanize and overcrowd their animals as contingencies. Those who rebuke such practices, commonly known as no-kill shelters, are often forced to rely on donations, adoption fees, and even their own money to provide the most basic of care. Under funded and overcrowded, they are indirectly punished for their humanity. Over the years, Ive had to clean up after more animals than Id care to remember. Not once do I ever remember being thanked. We even had to resort to child-safety barriers and heavy-duty locks, which were the only ones the dogs couldnt break, in order to deter them from mutilating the rest of house that didnt have a tiled floor. The doors we use most often have deep, jagged claw marks that vary in height as the dog that made them grew. And these are only a hint of all the unpleasant experiences Ive gone through because of my animals. Oddly enough, I grieved more at the deaths of the animals Id loved all my life than I had for the grandparents Id never known. To know an undying love thats undeserved, yet still given faifthfully, is to know an unparallel happiness that I can only hope all of you can one day share.

Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark By William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Essays

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Type of Work: Tragic drama Setting Elsinore, Denmark; c. 1200 Principal Characters Hamlet, Prince of Denmark and son of the former king The Ghost, Hamlet's dead father Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and Queen of Denmark Claudius, Hamlet's uncle and new stepfather, and now, King of Denmark Polonius, Claudius'chief counselor Laertes, Polonius' son Ophelia, Polonius' obedient daughter Horatio, Hamlet's faithful friend Story Overveiw Prince Hamlet bitterly opposed the marriage of his mother, Gertrude, to Claudius, her own brother-in-law, so soon after her husband's death. Moreover, Hamlet had a strange suspicion that the new king - his stepfather and former uncle - had somehow plotted his father's mysterious demise, and he refused to cease mourning his natural father, now two months dead. As Hamlet languished in resentfulness, he was approached by his close friend Horatio, who revealed that for three nights now castle guards had seen the former king stalking the parapets as a ghost. He persuaded the prince that his father must have some message of importance to impart, and thus Hamlet should wait with him that night for the ghost to appear again. The bloody apparition was indeed the image of Hamiet's father. In horror, the son listened with Horatio as the dead king described how his brother Claudius had seduced Gertrude, and how the two of them together had arranged for his murder, while claiming that a serpent had injected the fatal poison. Hamlet was appalled - though not entirely surprised - at this revelation. But he was even more shaken when the ghost made a desperate plea: he ordered Hamlet to avenge his death by killing Claudius, but cautioned that Gertrude must be spared; heaven alone should punish her for her sins. Now, Hamlet considered himself an intellectual, not a soldier or a man of action. This charge to exact revenge posed a real dilemma in the prince's mind. He swore Horatio to secrecy concerning the ghost and continued for the next few days to fret on what he must do. Filled with suppressed anger toward both his mother and Claudius, and torn between doing his duty in honor and carrying out a most distasteful and bloody task, Hamlet began to act more and more erratic. Ophelia, his lady friend and the daughter of the new king's most trusted counselor, Polonius, reported Hamlet's eccentric behavior to her father. Polonius insisted that Hamlet had become demented, and cautioned Ophelia to keep her distance. He then reported Hamlet's bizarre turn to the king and queen. Perceiving Hamlet as a possible threat to the throne, Claudius, Gertrude and Polonius hired two dull-witted courtiers, Rosencrantz and Guildeiistern, to spy on the prince, to learn whether he in fact coveted their power or was merely mad. But Hamlet, within minutes, recognized the charade and the motives behind it, and caustically mockcd them. And shortly, it seemed to Hamlet that everyone - including Ophelia was a spy and an informant for King Claudius and Queen Gertrude. By now the prince was dashed by doubts and worries. He began to wonder if his father's ghost had really appeared; maybe it had been a vision from the devil instead. After all, the thought of murdering Claudius, vile and hated though he was, still repelled Hamlet. But soon he struck upon an idea: a company of traveling actors visited Elsinore, and Hamlet persuaded them to perform a murder scene that was actually a reenactment of the death of the old king. He was sure that if Claudius and Gertrude had in fact killed his father, their guilt would play on their faces and show in their actions. The play proceeded. Sure enough, Claudius became so unnerved both by the drama and by Hamlet's sly, taunting comments, that he stormed from the performance, with Gertrude close behind. Gertrude immediately sent for her insolent son. When he visited her in her room to discuss the matter, Polonius was hidden behind a curtain, listening. Soon the exchange between mother and son grew more heated and violent. When Polonius cried out for the guards, Hamlet, thinking he was Claudius, stabbed through the curtain and killed him. Amid this confusion, the ghost of Hamlet's father once more appeared (invisible to Gertrude) and again reminded his son of his original commission: to kill Claudius. With renewed determination, Hamlet gripped his dagger and made for Claudius'bedchamber. But when he entered the room, prepared at last to do the deed, he found Claudius praying. This undid the prince's resolve; be could not slay this man while in the posture of supplication to God - a prayerful soul, he reasoned, would be swept straight to

How to Get Job Offers †Not Just Interviews †With Your LinkedIn Profile

How to Get Job Offers – Not Just Interviews – With Your LinkedIn Profile Is Your LinkedIn Profile Getting You Job OFFERS? Last week, I spoke with a technology executive about working with us on his LinkedIn profile and resume. Upon investigation, I discovered that he was getting interviews for positions that interested him- but not job offers. At first glance, it might seem like the problem was his interviewing skills. After all, isn’t the job of the LinkedIn profile and resume to get an interview, and after that it’s up to you? Well, that’s partially true, and it’s certainly possible that this client could use some interview coaching. But a freaky fact of human nature suggests that something else could be at play. It’s called â€Å"impression formation† or â€Å"priming,† and it’s not to be overlooked or taken lightly. Do you think that if you’re getting interviews with your LinkedIn profile and resume you don’t have to worry about whether you need to change them? You might be wrong. A study of students’ perceptions of their professors, and how these perceptions can be formed, is a case in point. Consider these excerpts that illustrate how much our preconceived notions affect our experience of another person: †¦[I]n one of the earliest studies on impression formation, Kelley (1950) found that when students were told a guest lecturer was â€Å"very warm†, the central trait produced more favorable evaluations of the instructor than when students were told the guest lecturer was â€Å"rather cold†. In a more recent replication and extension of Kelley’s experiment, Widmeyer and Loy (1988) had students evaluate a lecture presented by a visiting professor. Prior to the lecture, students received background information about the instructor; some received information suggesting that the visiting professor was warm while others were presented with information that suggested the professor was cold. Analyses revealed that students perceived the visiting professor as a more effective teacher and more pleasant to have for class when he was described as a warm rather than a cold person. †¦Those who read the syllabus written in an unfriendly tone rated the hypothetical adjunct candidate as being colder than those who read the syllabus written in a friendly tone. †¦Those who received the syllabus written in a friendly tone rated the target as being warmer than those who read the syllabus that was written in an unfriendly tone. †¦Those who read the syllabus written in a friendly tone rated the instructor as being more motivated to teach the course. Harnish, Richard J. and K. Robert Bridges, Effect of syllabus tone: students’ perceptions of instructor and course Did you read that?!! Wow. Extrapolating to interviews, if the interviewer has a preconceived notion of the candidate as warm or friendly, it’s more likely he or she will experience the candidate as warm, and even as more motivated, in the interview! Conversely, if the interviewer thinks ahead of time that the candidate will be cold, it’s unlikely that the interview itself will change this impression. Interviewers Make Unconscious Conclusions You might be thinking, â€Å"But these were students being studied. They are young and impressionable! Surely an interviewer, who has more maturity and experience, would not be swayed as much by past judgments.† I’m afraid that’s not the case. In 2008 study, Williams and Bargh staged job interviews with study participants and found that if interviewers drank hot coffee before the interview, they would perceive the candidate as warm. Iced coffee? You guessed it. Cold candidate. Interviewers’ perceptions were also influenced, disturbingly, by the comfort of their seats and the weight of their notetaking folders. There are many conclusions that can be drawn from these studies, from â€Å"Make sure you have a warm hand when you shake hands with your interviewer† to â€Å"Don’t hire candidates based on interviews since your unconscious mind is ruling the decision. Use psychological testing instead.† The conclusion I want to draw, however, is about your LinkedIn profile. And maybe your resume too. Conveying Warmth with Your LinkedIn Profile and Resume You have a huge opportunity in your LinkedIn profile and resume to prime the pump for your job interview. People respond to warmth. So look for ways to appear warm! Show some of your personality in addition to showcasing your accomplishments. Even if you’re not as warm in person as you are in your job marketing collateral, chances are you’ll be seen as warmer than someone who doesn’t communicate warmth in their LinkedIn profile and resume. Here are some examples from profiles written by The Essay Expert. Note that while we generally encourage first person for LinkedIn summaries, warmth can come through in the third person as well. Also note that your photo is a huge way to convey warmth! LeeAnn Dance: My journalism background gave me the ability to distill a large amount of material and hone in on what’s true and important. I can pinpoint the real message that needs to be conveyed, creating a human story that moves and inspires an audience. Ted Schoonmaker: Ted knows that people hire people, not resumes. Companies are not just looking for a set of qualifications that match a job description. To ensure a complete match, Ted extensively interviews both companies and candidates to find out who they are and what they are looking for – as companies and as people. Ted is most fulfilled when helping people to grow professionally. His vision and ability to nurture relationships lead to long-term solutions and success. How warm are you in your LinkedIn profile and resume? Are you priming readers to perceive you the way you want to be seen? If not, consider a rewrite. If you want assistance, please consider our LinkedIn Profile Writing Services and Resume Writing Services. We’ll make sure you look great- and warm- online and on paper. Want to do it yourself? Don’t miss the latest version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. The e-book is fully updated for 2018 and available now!

One Way ANOVA Involves Comparison of Two or More Populetion Means Research Paper

One Way ANOVA Involves Comparison of Two or More Populetion Means - Research Paper Example This sample will be a good one since it will be easier to administer the survey to the 50 employees as compared to the whole population. In addition, by using simple random sampling we will reduce the degree of biasness in the data that we will collect. In our survey, we will use an anonymous questionnaire in which the employees will not be required to provide their personal details like names or employees numbers. Moreover, the questionnaires will be distributed to the respondent by a group of interviewers who will collect them later in the evening. This will not only help in promoting the truthfulness of our data but also the confidentiality and privacy of the respondents.Since the survey will be anonymous there will be no need for individual’s consent. The data we will be aiming to obtain using the questionnaire will not include any form of personal sensitive data. The benefits that respondents will gain from the survey is that the information obtained will be handed over t o the business management team that can use it in determining which kind of incentive to use to motivate them. To protect the interests of my respondents, I decided to use a self-administered questionnaire thus the information obtained by the questionnaire would not be traced to a specific employee. Moreover, I will use people who are not affiliated in any form with the management of the business to distribute and collect the questionnaires. A day or two before the actual date of the survey, I will write an email to all the employees in that business requesting them to participate in the survey if selected for our sample. These pre-message will be dear sir/ madam, two days from now I will distribute some questionnaires to some of you who will be randomly selected for the survey that I have created. The survey relates to a research that I am conducting to determine what motivates employees to work harder. I realize that you might be selected for our sample since the selection will be fully random. Please take a few minutes of your time to complete the questionnaire that will be distributed to you. The questionnaire will be anonymous and less than for pages and thus it will not take much of your time, thank you. I will also send them a post email a day or two after the actual survey date. This message will be a thank you note for helping me in my research by participating in the survey I undertook in your place of work. Any kind of information you volunteered to give will be held with the highest degree of confidentiality and will only be used for this research only, Regards. Our first hypothesis is that motivational program or incentive schemes are effective in improving employees’ performance. In this case, we will have one variable, which will be the number of employees. This variable will be measured in two categories; one category will be those employees who think they are motivated by motivational programs and incentive schemes while the other categ ory will be those who think otherwise. This variable is measuredon an interval basis and it is a numerical variable. This variable will be analyzed using one way ANOVA which can be done using SPSS do determine the categories which carry more weight. â€Å"One way ANOVA involves comparison of two or more population

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Statistics - Essay Example 2. You wish to estimate the weight of the students at EKU. Using the question 2 data, calculate your sample mean to the nearest tenth of a pound. Use that estimate to construct 95% confidence interval for the true average if you know that the standard deviation of the population is 2.3 pounds. Construct 95% confidence interval if you do not know the true standard deviation. Comment on why those confidence intervals are different. Both confidence intervals are slightly different because one is computed based on known population standard deviation, ÏÆ' and z distribution and other is calculated based on sample standard deviation, s and t distribution. The t distribution has slightly broader tails then z distribution, therefore, the confidence interval is also slightly wider as compared to z distribution. 3. The average height in the United States for men is 69.3 inches. The standard deviation for the population of the men in the US is 3.4 inches. You measure a sample of people from Richmond and find that the average of these 16 men is 71.4 inches with a sample standard deviation of 4.8 inches. Assume all testing is for 95% confidence. 4. We wish to compare the weights of the people of Richmond, Kentucky with those of Lexington, Kentucky. We do not know the standard deviation for the population as a whole and we cannot assume that the unknown sigma is the same for each city. We take a sample from each city and the results are as follows All the three models are statistically significant and also, In model 3, individually, Parent’s income and Years of education significantly predicts person’s annual income . However, the adjusted R2 value for the model 3 is highest of all the regression models. Therefore, the best model is given by Adjusted R2 is a measure of Goodness-of-fit and penalizes the R2 for adding additional explanatory variables. The higher the value of adjusted R2,

The Knowledge Worker and the Learning Organization Assignment

The Knowledge Worker and the Learning Organization - Assignment Example To examine the impact of Drucker’s work on the linkage between the learning organization and productivity, I use the references from a journal article by Burton Gummer as well as the textbook by Drucker to emphasize the key connections between Drucker’s work and productivity. To quote from the article, â€Å"Drucker points to six factors that determine knowledge-worker productivity: Knowledge workers must, on their own, identify the task that they are to accomplish; knowledge workers have to have autonomy; continuing innovation has to be part of knowledge work; knowledge work requires continuous learning and continuous teaching on the part of the knowledge worker; knowledge worker productivity is primarily a matter of quality of output, not quantity; and finally, the knowledge worker must be seen by management as an asset rather than a cost. The crucial question in knowledge-worker productivity is: What is the task? In manual work, the key question is always: How shoul d the work be done? In manual work, the task is always given. In knowledge work, the task does not program the worker.† (Gummer, 2000, p.11) As the above excerpt makes it clear, Drucker used sophisticated reasoning to conclude that learning organizations do indeed contribute to higher productivity as well as the role of knowledge workers is indeed paramount in propagating the way in which the mutually reinforcing loops of organizational processes and the knowledge workers contribution feed on each other.

Complex Love In A Rose For Emily English Literature Essay

Complex Love In A Rose For Emily English Literature Essay This paper will investigate the complex love relationship between the southern belladonna Emily Grierson and the northern street worker Homer Barron in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily. In order to analyse this issue, I will divide my research in two parts. I will first focus on the female protagonist who seems to have a great desire for companionship and love. To verify this idea I will outline the main features of her life and try to enter in the world of her psyche. Moreover, I will define and interpret possible reasons for her actions. The second part will concentrate on the important male figure of the short story: Homer Barron. Here, I will focus mainly on his role in this sophisticated love-scenario and on the questions, why he gets murdered and which reasons led Emily to commit such a crime. I will then compare these findings to the title of the short story and concentrate my thoughts on the meaning of the symbol of the rose in A Rose for Emily. 2. A Rose for Emily: A Portrait of Emily Grierson. An absent-minded Southern belladonna named Emily Grierson represents the protagonist of William Faulkners short story A Rose for Emily. Interpretations about this character can lead to numerous directions due to her life which is seen as extremely bizarre and macabre: The daughter of an aristocratic and a good standing family has difficulties with growing-up due to her stern father who never accepts one of her suitors. After Mr Grierson passed away, a young street worker from the North, named Homer Barron, appears in the small town of Jefferson, to whom she loses her heart. Suddenly, he vanishes and he never turns up again, while Emily is caught in the act of buying arsenic. Until then, Ms Grierson stays in her house for good but her black servant leaves sometimes. All of a sudden, Emily dies and as the curious townspeople enter the house at her burial, they come across a bedroom made up as a bridal room where they find a grey strain of hair next to the tracks of a skeleton. Schizophrenia as a Scapegoat for her Actions. Although Emilys behaviour is outrageous, she never had a reputation for being insane. The townspeople did not say she was crazy (A Rose for Emily  [1]  124), but her actions and her character would lead one to assume that she has gone barking mad. If not, why would someone stay in a house for a lifetime and sleep next to a corpse? A possible explanation for this might be a mental illness, as e.g. schizophrenia (Smith). Its causes can be easily lead back to Emilys childhood: As a result of the high values of an aristocratic family, she grew up with ever-lasting expectations that the inhabitants of Jefferson had of a daughter of such an ancestry: Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town (RfE 119). The citizens demanded the maintenance of those traditions set up by her ancestors but already as a child she was not probably able to handle these demanding conditions (Smith). Another culprit for Emilys mental state is definitely Mr Grierson. The family values were of a particular importance for him, even if his daughter would have to suffer: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] her father which had thwarted her womans life so many times [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (RfE 127). Therefore Emily never had a love relationship with a man because Mr Grierson thinking none of those suitors were good enough for her was always shooing them away. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] she got to be thirty and was still single [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. (RfE 123) 2.2 Death of her Father as the Last Straw. After Mr Grierson passed away, the reader is able to observe an acceleration of Emilys mental decadence (Smith). This process might seem peculiar but it is easy explainable: Emily was always burdened with external stress, which her father has to be partly blamed for. Now, much of this pressure disappears suddenly owing to the death of Mr Grierson and of all his expectations and orders, whereby the previous hidden symptoms surface (Smith). Therefore, Emily is not able anymore to convey her true feelings at the burial, i.e. she is not affected by her own fathers exitus and has no trace of grief on her face (RfE 123). Hence, the former Southern belle is leaving more and more reality and enters an imaginary world, as e.g. by saying to the townspeople that her father was not dead (RfE 123) or by totally withdrawing herself from society. Another classic symptom for schizophrenia can be detected in her inability of interacting socially with others and in the later lack of hygiene and of sel f-awareness on her physical appearance (Smith): When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man. (RfE 127-28) Besides all these examples, the best argument for a supposable mental illness on the part of Emily Grierson establishes her attraction to corpses. 2.3 Transcending Death of Emilys Love. The fact that Ms Grierson spends time with a dead human body states Faulkner in the last sentences of his short story: The man himself lay in the bed. For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair (RfE 130). This paragraph demonstrates well the height of her mental illness and explains frankly what Emily did in the last years of her life: She murdered her suitor Homer Barron and passed the nights next to his cadaver. Such attractions to dead bodies are termed as necrophilia which is a combination of the two Greek words nekros (dead person) and philia (affection). This mental disorder includes sexual intercourse with a corpse which is in fact illegal in Europe. Whether Emily slept with Homers corpse can only be interpreted because it is not mentioned directly (Grabher). 3. A Rose for Homer: A Portrait of Homer Barron. Homer Barron displays an essential figure in A Rose for Emily because he can be presented as a symbol for hope and for companionship, i.e. Emily Grierson sees in this Northern street worker a ghost of a chance of getting away from all the expectations laid upon her and from solitude. Her whole life has been marked by the feeling of loneliness but through Homer she tries to break this mould. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] we were sure that they were to be married. We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jewelers and ordered a mans toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of mens clothing, including a nightshirt [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (RfE 127). The townspeoples description of Emilys activities reveals her seriousness about her relationship with her beloved foreman but does not convey the reason for her subsequent tasks. 3.1 Revelation of Homers Homosexual Proclivities. A possible reason for the murder of Homer Barron could be seen in Emilys fear of being alone again. Indeed, she falls in love with her follow and insists on marrying him but that differs with Homers intentions. As a labourer from the North, he is just looking for a place to stay during the working weeks and not for a future wife. In addition to that, it seems that Homer is not interested in any woman but in men, because he himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man (RfE 126). A closer analysis of his first and last name can be used to strengthen this theory. Homer leads us back to Ancient Greece (8th century BC-146 BC) and to Homeros who wrote Iliad and the Odyssey. Anyway, the Greek society of this time is largely known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Barron could be interpreted in various ways, e.g. as a pun  [2]  due to barren which has a similar sound. However, barren displays a tight connection with the character, if we look at its synonyms: fruitless, sterile, meagre or infertile. This particular meaning of that term ties in with the inability of a homosexual couple to reproduce and therefore with the figure of Homer Barron (Grabher). Moreover, Faulkner integrates little hints to get to know Homers sexual preferences, as e.g. through the use of colours: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (RfE 126). The colour yellow could be here a clear reference to the Yellow Book which was the most popular British magazine in the 1980s  [3]  . It was associated with aestheticism, a 19th century movement which attached more importance to aesthetic values than to moral ones, and indirectly with homosexuality (Roth). 3.2 Emilys Response to her Discovery. The most interesting issue about this complicate love-scenario between a forlorn Southern lady and a gay Northern industrial worker is how her discovery of Homers truly sexual proclivities affected Emily. After discovering his secret, she tries to adapt her physical appearance to the conceptions of beauty of her beloved: she cuts her hair which then looks like the hair of an active man (RfE 128). The motive for doing that can be lead back to the desire of pleasing him in order to keep their relationship alive. This whole aspect reminds me of the Italian painter Michelangelo Merisi (1571-1610), better known as Caravaggio, whose sexual identity was also surrounded by numerous rumours, e.g. it is said that he went for male androgynous younglings. Many of his paintings show such infantile boys, like e.g. Bacchus (1595) or Amor Vincit Omnia (1602). Even more striking is that women were unusual objects in his canvases and if he depicted them, they mostly have a short, boyish hairstyle, as Faulkners Emily and as the angel in Caravaggios Rest on the Flight into Egypt (1597) have (Harten 30-34). Fig. 1. Caravaggio, Rest on the Flight into Egypt, Galleria Doria Pamphili, Rome; rpt. in Andrew Graham-Dixon, Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane (London: Allen Lane, 2010; print; 162). 3.3 Homer as a Rose for Emily. Emily realises soon that Homer and she do not have the same feelings for each other and that he will not be in her town for a long time anymore. Therefore, she takes to more extreme measures: she buys arsenic in order to kill Homer. I want some poison she said to the druggist. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] I want the best you have. I dont care what kind. The druggist named several. Theyll kill anything up to an elephant.' (RfE 125) The reason for the murder lies clearly in her great desire of avoiding a probable recurring solitude and of keeping Homer as close as possible. This leads directly to a possible interpretation concerning the title of the short story which can be irritating due to the absence of the image of a rose in Faulkners work. Although the flower is not stated at all, the term rose arises four times bearing two different meanings. On the one hand the author uses this word as the past form of the verb rise and on the other hand as the colour rose: A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose colo[u]r, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. (RfE 129-30) That is why it is not evident who or what symbolises the rose in the title. A plausible conclusion could be that Homer personalises the rose because Emily does not endure letting him go, not even after his decease. On the contrary, she uses death to be even closer to her beloved street worker. Her greatest wish of keeping Homers body resembles to the action of bending a rose and pressing it then between some pages of a book in order to keep its beauty forever (VCCS Litonline). 4. Conclusion The leading idea of this paper has been to analyse the complex love relationship between Emily Grierson and Homer Barron in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily. As we have seen, the female protagonist of this short story had a difficult life due to a probable mental health illness developed from her personal problems with her aristocratic background and the expectations laid upon her. Her only wish was to find companionship and love which she thought having found in the figure of Homer Barron. After having discovered his real sexual orientation, she was gutted and did not want to accept that she has to let him go too. Thusly, she murdered him in order to keep him for good a pressed rose between some pages of a book.

Anatomy Of A Psychopath :: essays papers

Anatomy Of A Psychopath "In every man’s heart there is a secret nerve that answers to the vibrations of beauty." Almost every person has a preconception of the darkest form of humanity: evil. One German film exemplifies this classic struggle of right and wrong, while addressing deeper emotional messages. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari was made in 1919 and directed by Robert Weine. The film features a character named Francis, the protagonist, who seeks revenge against Dr. Caligari and his somnambulist, Cesarà ©, whom he believes murdered his friend. In one specific scene, Cesarà © attempts to kill a beautiful woman named Jane, Francis’s fiancà ©e coincidentally, at Caligari’s request. Judging by Cesarà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s previously witnessed brutal and robotic nature, it is assumed that as he creeps up to her gentle sleeping body that her time has expired. Magically, he cannot commit the deed. Overcome with affection, he instead lovingly reaches to cradle her head. She awakens, screams, and struggles. Cesarà © snaps out of his funk and overtakes her, eventually escaping with her on his back. This intense scene conveys the message that even the darkest forms of evil are not completely devoid of humanity, giving the audience the faintest glimmer of hope that good can always shine through malevolence. Cesarà © has no mind of his own; rather he is the puppet of the sinister Dr. Caligari. This is strikingly obvious just before the attack on Jane. As Cesarà © slinks down the corridor to the bedchamber his movements are awkward and unnatural, similar to puppet’s movements. At one point he even pauses, as if to mentally rethink the plan for murder Caligari has laid down. This attention to said murder agenda points that normal people can be highly susceptible to perform evil deeds. In essence, Cesarà © is not an evil person, but one who has been mentally dominated by the evil Caligari. One could play a contemporary television therapist and venture to state that Cesarà © "is the victim in all of this." In fact, "Cesarà © the sleepwalking killer" never existed before Caligari came into place. One can therefore also determine that evil spawns more evil. Kindness and humanity always find a way to shine through the depths of rage and hate. Poised in a striking position, primed to kill, something inside Cesarà © snaps. He is rendered momentarily immobile, unable to perform the deed he has been commanded.

Book Design Essay

Process of Book Making 1. Idea 2. Manuscript 3. Contract/ Agreement 4. Editing 5. Proofreading 6. Typesetting 7. Editing 8. Correction (book layout) 9. Page Layout 10. Editing and correction 11. Film making 12. Plat Making 13. Printing 14. Binding 15. Packaging 16. Distribution THE IMPORTANT OF BOOK DESIGN 1. Poor design can hurt sales: ‘ People Do Judge a book by its cover’ 2. Book design size of books body copy headings or titles running head chapter numbers 3. Book Design Approach (Marshall Lee Transparent Approach Mood approach. DISTRIBUTION & BOOK FEATURE Book stores; attractive jacket, thick and hefty bulky) appearance and colorful Gift book; large, expensive and exclusive Mail order; light weight paper Library; strong binding Design unusual format: Die-Cut (Children Books) LINEUP OF NON-FICTION BOOK Preliminary Page/ Front-matter Half-title page Full title page Advertising card Copy right page and catalog number Dedication Acknowledgment Preface or forward Table of content List of illustration, list of abbreviation etc Introduction BINDING Stitching binding. Adhesive binding Mechanical binding STITCHING BINDING Side and saddle stitching 1. Simple binding method 2. Inserting one or more wires through the fold line 3. Suitable for thinner book and publication; brochure, booklets, newsletters and magazines. ADVANTAGES OF STITCHING BINDING 1. Flatter than perfect binding 2. Quicker turnaround 3. Lower cost DISADVANTAGES OF STITCHING BINDING 1. Working in signatures in four pages or panels 2. Not durable (heavy duty) and inappropriate for heavy use 3. Spine forms a blunt point 4.Thick and small-format have a tendency spring open ADHESIVE BINDING: LAY-FLAT & OTABIND Uses glue to hold pages together Appropriate for thickness book Stacking up assembly Backbone is roughened for glue Trimming side; head, foot and face ADVANTAGES OF ADHESIVE BINDING 1. Strong binding 2. Heavy use and heavy duty 3. Signatures in single leaves DISADVANTAGES OF ADHESIVE BINDING 1. Costly than stitching binding 2. Spine for thick publication 3. Do not lay-flatter MECHANICAL BINDING Spiral Binding 1. Manual and workbooks 2. Single loop/ metal or plastic wire ADVANTAGES OF SPIRAL BINDING 1. Lay-flatter 2. Turnaround 3. Ease of use DISADVANTAGES OF SPIRAL BINDING 1. No printable spine 2. Not appropriate for books that to display at library and bookstore 3. Facing pages steps up when open 4. Require greater margin. WIRE-O Binding 1. Double looped wire with interlocking (join together) that run through holes punched in the binding edge. 2. Sturdy and attractive 3. Calendars, cookbooks etc ADVANTAGES OF WIRE-O BINDING 1. Lay-flatter 2. Turnaround 3. Ease of use DISADVANTAGES OF WIRE-O BINDING 1. No printable spine 2. Not appropriate for books that to display at library and bookstore 3. Facing pages steps up when open 4. Require greater margin. Plastic Comb Binding 1. Punching slots or holes through the binding edge and inserting formed of plastic material 2. Does not allow 360 degree 3. Easy to insert and removed papers with proper materials ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC COMB BINDING 1. Suitable for reports and materials that need frequent updating 2. Available in many colors DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC COMB BINDING 1. No printable spine 2. Not appropriate for publications that to display at library and bookstore 3. Require greater margin. PUBLISHING ON DEMAND 1. On-demand printing can be defined as short notice and economical print runs 2. By using POD technology, book original is stored in digital and is not printed until it is ordered 3. With such innovative approach, no books are printed unnecessarily, avoiding the problem of a storage costs and safeguard backlist titles. 4. Sometimes it called custom publishing but that is usually associated with book that is assembled from different bits and pieces. ADVANTAGES PUBLISHING ON DEMAND 1. On-demand printing can be defined as short notice and economical print runs 2. By using POD technology, book original is stored in digital and is not printed until it is ordered 3. With such innovative approach, no books are printed unnecessarily, avoiding the problem of a storage costs and safeguard backlist titles. 4. Sometimes it called custom publishing but that is usually associated with book that is assembled from different bits and pieces.

Civic Integration Policy in the Changing Face of Europe essays

Civic Integration Policy in the Changing Face of Europe essays In recent decades, migration has become a major global phenomenon and Europe has received a significance share of it. In order to move along with the changing demands of society, various countries within Europe had to make modifications to their legislations. However, it was not until a decade ago that various countries have started to adopt policies that focus on migrant communities. The legislations that focus on the migrant's incorporation into the community is placed within civic integration The EU differentiates between two types of immigrants: those who are from within the EU and practice their right to free movement and those who are from outside the EU who are called third country nationals. The admission and settlement conditions between these two categories are significantly different and these differences contribute to the framework of civic integration policies within EU member countries. The term integration however has various meanings depending on the context that it is being use and who is using it. It can mean the framework of togetherness in society or it may refer to the extent in which an individual incorporates into the society. In recent years there have been various debates about civic integration practices in Europe. Some scholars see civic integration policies as a process of convergence towards Europeanisation. Other debate also focuses on the incorporation of civic integration policy, which is closely tied with immigrant policy, within immigration policy. This paper will highlight various contemporary scholarly debates around the issues of civic integration policies in the Civic integration originate in the Netherlands in the 1990's as a way to solve the problem of disproportionate immigrant unemployment, residential segregation, school dropout rates, which was common among Turkish and Moroccan populations (Joppke 2). However some scholars argue that the...

What Makes Grammar a Timeless Subject to Study and Teach

What Makes Grammar a Timeless Subject to Study and Teach Grammar has long been a subject of study- as a companion to  rhetoric  in ancient Greece and Rome and as one of the seven  liberal arts  in medieval education. Although the  methods  of studying grammar have changed dramatically in recent times, the  reasons  for studying grammar have remained essentially the same.   One of the most sensible answers to the question of why grammar matters appears in a position statement on the teaching of grammar in American schools. Published by the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), the report is refreshingly free of educational cant. Heres how it begins: Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language. Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. As human beings, we can put sentences together even as children- we can all do grammar. But to be able to talk about how sentences are built, about the types of words and word groups that make up sentences- that is knowing about grammar. And knowing about grammar offers a window into the human mind and into our amazingly complex mental capacity. People associate grammar with errors and correctness. But knowing about grammar also helps us understand what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and interesting and precise. Grammar can be part of literature discussions when we and our students closely read the sentences in poetry and stories. And knowing about grammar means finding out that all languages and all dialects follow grammatical patterns. (Haussamen, Brock, et al. Some Questions and Answers About Grammar, 2002.) Note: The full report, Some Questions and Answers About Grammar, can be found on the website for the National Council of Teachers of English. Its well worth the read for anyone interested in English grammar. Additional Perspectives on Grammar Consider these explanations from other experts in English and education on why grammar matters: On  the utility and importance of  the study of Grammar,  and the principles of composition, much might be advanced, for the encouragement of persons in early life to apply themselves to this branch of learning... It may indeed be justly asserted, that many of the differences in opinion amongst men, with the disputes, contentions, and alienations of heart, which have too often proceeded from such differences, have been occasioned by a want of proper skill in the connexion and meaning of words, and by a tenacious misapplication of language. (Murray,  Lindley. English Grammar: Adapted to the Different Classes of Learners, Collins and Perkins, 1818.) We study grammar because a knowledge of sentence structure is an aid in the interpretation of literature; because continual dealing with sentences influences the student to form better sentences in his own composition; and because grammar is the best subject in our course of study for the development of reasoning power. (Webster,  William Frank. The Teaching of English Grammar, Houghton, 1905.) The study of language is a part of general knowledge. We study the complex working of the human body to understand ourselves; the same reason should attract us to studying the marvelous complexity of human language... If you understand the nature of language, you will realize the ground for your linguistic prejudices and perhaps moderate them; you will also more clearly assess linguistic issues of public concern, such as worries about the state of the language or what to do about the teaching of immigrants. Studying the English language has a more obvious practical application: It can help you to use the language more effectively. (Greenbaum, Sidney, and Gerald Nelson. An Introduction to English Grammar, 2nd ed., Longman, 2002.) Grammar is the study of how sentences mean. And that is why it helps. If we want to understand the meaning conveyed by sentences, and to develop our ability to express and respond to this meaning, then the more we know about grammar, the better we will be able to carry out these tasks... Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone - not only teachers of English but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning. (Crystal, David. Making Sense of Grammar, Longman, 2004.) [T]he study of your own grammatical system can be quite revealing and useful, and provides you with insights into how language, your own and others, whether spoken or signed, actually works... With an understanding of how language actually works, and a concise vocabulary to talk about it, you will be equipped to make more informed decisions and choices about grammar and usage, and to tease out linguistic fact from linguistic fiction. (Lobeck, Anne and Kristin Denham,  Navigating English Grammar: A Guide to Analyzing Real Language,  Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.)

Abstract paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract - Term Paper Example This doesn’t imply that understanding a speech necessarily means understanding the context in which the speech is delivered. However the author argues that it is impossible to comprehend a speech unless its context and utterance are understood. This is true of both rhetorical and non-rhetorical discourse. The author draws various analogies with a rhetorical situation. He feels that a rhetorical is analogous to a moral action. We call an act moral because it is performed in a certain situation of a certain kind. Similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is the result of a situation of a certain kind. In an imaginary world, there will only be communication as argued world over but no rhetoric. This is because exigencies will not erupt. In our own world, however, rhetorical exigencies are bound to crop up. The video that was provided to me was John Kennedy’s speech on Martin Luther King’ speech. The speech demonstrates the rhetorical situation explained by Bitzer in his article. The speech is a well used example of rhetoric in public relations. Its purpose was to make the audience feel that Americans need not worry about being discriminated on the basis of their religion, ethnic and cultural back ground. The speech is a very well placed example of a rhetorical situation as explained by Bitzer. The context of the situation demanded this speech by John F Kennedy. As explained by Bitzer exigency is a very important constituent of any rhetorical situation. An exigency is considered to be an imperfection and is ear marked by urgency. It is more or less a defeat, an obstacle, something that is waiting to be done and a thing which is other than what is should be. The situation in which Kennedy made the speech was ear-marked by an emergency. Thus is was a fitting response given the circumstances and the background under which the speech was

Org behavior 3 leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Org behavior 3 leadership - Essay Example The personal leadership model+300 9 13 3.2. Abilities+400 13 3.3. Personality+400 16 3.4. Values+500 18 3.5. The discussion desired effective theory of leadership+500 20 References 23 Bibliography 24 Introduction This process must include a structured procedure for self-assessment and development of necessary criteria like mission, value, ideals, goals etc. This paper will attempt to present a systematic procedure for encouraging the leadership qualities. In order to meet this objective, this paper is primarily divided into three sections. The first section will deal with the self assessment as it is necessary to identify and analyse the potential of being a successful leader. It is also important for taking necessary actions for the areas of improvements. The second section includes the development of necessary goal, mission, values etc, and these factors are very crucial as it paves the way for nurturing the leadership quality. In fact, this section creates a necessary basis for en couraging leadership quality through proper direction. The third section will present necessary theoretical backgrounds which are essential for shaping leadership qualities. This section will also focus on the development of personal leadership models and development of other leadership traits like personality, values, abilities etc. Finally, the entire discussion will be summed up in the conclusion. 1. Awareness and Insight through Self-Assessment To support the necessity of self-awareness for leadership development, Rothstein and Burke have commented that â€Å"self-awareness provides a basis for introspection, choice, priority setting, change and development† (Rothstein and Burke, 2010, p.5). The following self-assessment exercise have framed on the basis of five major areas that includes leadership potentials, self confidence, leadership skills, communication apprehension and creative personality. 1.1. Your leadership potential In regards to assessment relating to readine ss it is observed that I have scored 6 which in turn signify a moderate to higher readiness. Our supervisors thus tried to explain the aspects of the work to us to help enhance our abilities to be more ready with the task assigned (Leadership, n.d., p.3; Bowerman & Wart, 2011, p.121). The dimensions of participative and stewardship reflect an above average score of three and this shows that our supervisors not only helped work in a participative work environment but also worked as the protector of the resources both human and technological in regards to the organization (Nolan, 1998, p.1). This data shows that our supervisors avoided showing an authoritative position and also were not the blind followers of the works of the subordinates (Waddell, 2006, p.2). 1.2. Your self-confidence In terms of my character I am a hard working and confident individual who desires to be self reliant in achieving the goals set or entrusted upon me by my superiors. This personality trait also helps my superiors to better depend on me for achieving tasks of advanced level. In respect to the assessment made the scores obtained in each of the different parameters reflect a problem in my character where I reflect getting a jerk in respect to the rising of some unexpected event which may be adverse in nature. 1.3. Your team leadership skills This assessment exercise is also very useful in understanding the leadership orientation of the leadership type. The test for this sell-assessment exerci

Scholarship letter for Summer Energy School Essay

Scholarship letter for Summer Energy School - Essay Example I feel that I will do justice with the honour of being granted the scholarship since I shall be able to perform admirably well in the program. My confidence comes from the fat that I have already studied various aspects of the respective field with commitment and focus. Baku Summer Energy School will provide me opportunities to learn about environmental issues, laws, economic aspects etc that are related to the field and still have not been explored by me to a great extent. My present knowledge about the field comes from my Bachelor degree in the field of international relations and politics. I am currently pursuing my Masters education in the field of politics, security and integration. Numerous courses are predicted to help me in the anticipated program, some of them are; Peace, conflict and security Legal aspects of international relations The missing dimension Human rights in global politics Gender, justice and environment. A strong inclination towards the study of energy made me opt for energy related topics for my dissertations in Bachelor and Masters programs. I have also passed IELTS with a 7 score. Apart from my commitment to my academics, I have also attended Model United Nations Conferences for students in the UK, Georgia, Turkey and Azerbaijan, as well as ASAIF conference in Strasbourg. These conferences proved to be great learning experiences and have taught me the relevance of this field on an international level. I was able to acquire professional knowledge about the field and the latest developments that are taking place in the world. The interactive nature of the Baku Summer Energy School will give me another opportunity to interact and learn from the public and private sector leaders from around the world. I highly value such opportunities and experiences that are offered by colleges to train their students for their professional careers. I have even had the opportunity to work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Azerbaijani Republic for two years as an interpreter and Press Service officer. I feel that my exposure to the professional line, as well as working experiences in the public sector will help me contribute valuable insights during the program. My peers shall be able to enhance their knowledge due to my professional exposure, just like I will be able to benefit from their achievements. My frequent travels to different countries with my parents have directed me towards another area of interest- learning about different cultures and origins. The passion for learning about different cultures and customs has derived me to learn three languages. I enjoy analyzing the differences among different nations of the world and their histories that direct them to follow their specific lifestyles. The nature of relations amongst different countries and nations has always attracted my attention and has provoked me to study deeply into the subject. I believe the global nature of the economy in the present world requires a comme ndable understanding of the field of international relations, especially in the energy sector. The field of energy of one country cannot be studied in isolation from the world; the global implications, laws and environmental impacts have to be discussed as well to present a logical perspective of the prevailing situation. I feel that the multi-faceted nature of my academic records will make me face the challenges and achieve objectives of this course in a commendable manner. I belong

The Second World War Essay Example for Free

The Second World War Essay The play was written at the end of the Second World War. However, it was set in 1912. Priestley expresses his own views about society of 1912 through the characters. During these pre-world War 1 years, there was a divide between the rich and poor. Attitudes such as the poors struggle to work and survive; profit, greed and privilege of class; double standards and the lack of responsible attitude from those in power, were thought acceptable. Economic success, power and money-making took priority over humanity. The consequences of this attitude can be seen in both of the World Wars. Priestley is telling us that we are not learning lessons from history; an example of this is the Birling family who had been given a second opportunity to get it right. Mr Birling is a well-fed man of high class. He was Lord Mayor so thinks he has power and influence over everyone below him, even the Inspector. Mr Birling represents the high-class men of the Edwardian period. He is only after his knighthood which will put him even higher in status. He believes that there is one set of rules for the rich and another for the poor. He is a factory owner and treats his workers inhumanely. He is very conservatively and does not believe in a community. When workers like Eva Smith had a strike so that they could get higher pay, only because the money they were getting was not enough for their bare essentials, he ignores them and stops the strike. He found out that Eva smith had organised it so he sacked her. His family are kept isolated from the rest of the world and his wife, Mrs Birling as well as himself treat their children as children even though they are at the age of twenty and above. They do not want them to know about the real world but they do not realise that their children are not naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve like themselves. Priestley conveys to everyone through the character of Mr Birling how selfish and hypocritical the high-class men were during the Edwardian period. Sheila Birling, Mr Birlings daughter, is also a rich young lady who is engaged to Gerald Croft. We know that she is rich as she shops at Milwards where she uses her power to sack a worker, Eva Smith, because of jealousy. This was all possible for her to do because of her status. However, she is much different from her parents (the older generation). When the Inspector tells her how she was also part of Evas death taking place she changes unlike her father, mother and fiance. She begins to feel for the poor and feels sorry for Eva, acting as if she knew her. She can put two and two together unlike her mother and we can infer from this play that she will not turn out to be like her mother as her mother is very naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. In addition, at the end of the play she has learnt her lesson whereas no one else has except her brother. Priestley shows the audience that the younger generation are more impressionable and that they had feelings for the poor and they could accept what was wrong and what was right and they had the capacity to change. Gerald Croft who was engaged to Sheila is also of high status. He is a clever man who thinks everything out carefully. He was very involved in Evas life but unlike the others he made Eva happy for once in her life. He met her at the palace Bar and took her to the County Hotel and let her stay in a flat. He gave her money and began to have feelings for her and both of them fell in love. He kept her as his mistress which many men in the Edwardian time did. He was very affected by her death and had to leave the house to take a walk which is when he got time to think. They went to palace bars often which is where some men like Alderman Meggarty took advantage of women. It was very common during the Edwardian times for the rich men to do this. Mrs Birling is also a well-fed, rich woman of high status who is described as socially superior to Mr Birling. She chairs a womans charity where women come to ask for help and benefit. She is responsible for the last step of Evas death, as she did not offer her help when she needed it the most. This was all because she had used the name Mrs Birling that had offended her. She is not careful of what she says to the Inspector, an example is everything she says about the man who got Eva pregnant and how he is fully to blame and totally responsible. She is a nave women who does not even know about her own sons well being or that people like Alderman Meggarty harass women in palace bars. She thinks that she is always right and calls the Inspector impertinent which shows us what she feels of everyone in her surroundings. Priestley intended to get across this character as a selfish, snobby and small-minded woman so that the audience would not feel empathy with her. Eric Birling is a heavy drinker and is a regular in the palace bar. He cared for Eva and tried to help her. He tried to do what was morally right even if he did not accomplish it. He is like his sister Sheila; they both still felt that they had done something wrong during their life even if it did not result in a girls death. Priestley shows through the characters of both Eric and Sheila that the younger generation during the Edwardian period were the better generation as they were not so up-tight about themselves and had feelings for the unfortunate. The Inspector is one of the characters that I feel Priestley conveyed to the audience very well. He is someone who feels a lot for the poor and is prepared to do everything that is right for the less privileged. He is a very clever man who manages to get all of the people present to admit what they did by opening the characters personalities. He gets straight to the point and emphasises many times that they all helped to kill Eva and gets it marked in their heads so that they will not forget it. He makes them all feel shocked and extremely guilty by his statements especially when he made his speech near the end of the play when he was about to leave:  If men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish Through the inspector, we can see that Priestley wants to get across the socialist philosophy of the time that some people like the inspector himself believed in. He believed that everyone should look after everyone else and that everyone should live like a community and help everyone else socially. He says:   and remember there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths, still left with us Here it can be seen that he still telling them that they can still try and improve the conditions and their attitudes towards the poor and less fortunate as there are still many of them. However the majority of them did not learn from this and faced the consequences.  Edna is the maid of house. Priestley shows that the higher class kept maids. He shows us the poorer people of the country. She can be said to be very lucky as she has a place to live unlike many people. It is very unlikely that she would have got much to eat even they were having a celebration.

The Sleeping Barber Problem Philosophy Essay

The Sleeping Barber Problem Philosophy Essay This report includes concurrent programming and deadlocks that were created and analysed throughout the report. There are two parts that include in the report; The Sleeping Barber Problem and The Dining Philosophers. The report includes every method that was used to complete both parts; this includes explaining and describing. For my references I used a couple of websites to help me understand more about the concept. Introduction In this report I have included two parts these are as follows: The Sleeping Barber Problem The 1st part of my assignment is about a barber shop. I have written a program to simulate the use of a monitor to coordinate the operation of the barber and the clients. The barber shop includes only one barber that works.  The living room is divided into a waiting room with a fixed number of chairs and a table with comics, and a workroom where the barber cuts hair of a customer.  Incidentally this work room serves as bedroom when it was not customer as our barber has the nasty habit of partying all night, so it catches up on sleep lost when the room is quiet.   When a customer arrives, it opens the door to the salon.  If no space is available, it remains outside. Otherwise it will sit in an empty chair.  At the opening of the door chime sounds to awaken our Venetian barber if he had bitten a nap.  When the barber releases a client, it does not have the right to sleep if there is room in the world.   When the barber finished cutting a customer, it pays 10 francs. Then he leaves the room.  The barber takes the next customer, if he goes to bed   and so on. The Dining Philosophers The 2nd part of the report is about one of Dijkstras more delightful contributions is his problem of the Dining Philosophers. It illustrates many of the subtle problems inherent in concurrent programming. The Sleeping Barber Problem Approach to the program and Analysis The barber shop has many different types of solutions as many different types of program languages can be used to solve the problem. I had many different types of thought, but then came to a stage and chose to use Java coding as I have more experience in this program. The threads Our program will be divided into two types of threads.  On one side there will be the barber, represented by a single thread looping constantly to see if a customer expects, take care of him if necessary or when going to bed.  On the other side there will be a thread per client, which simulate the physical customer.  He will try to return to the store, will sit if he can, will shave and disappear.   While our program will have one barber, there may be as many customers as men on the planet (or at least memory space).  Threads so customers will stack until the space become available in the waiting room, and then the barber takes care of them. I will now show what each the barber and customers role are inside the program: What is the barber? The thread symbolizing the barber will be unique.  It will START s launch, customer foremost and will loop on itself for eternity.   Heres what our barber is to spend his life on: Is there anyone in the waiting room?  If so I take care of his case, if I not go to bed and have a nap When a client I do is enter the slaughterhouse; I cut hair I get my money then he leaves Obviously, when you get to the end we re-loop. This re-loop is done as many different actions are taken therefore its needed in Java programming. What is the customer? Here are the actions that realize the thread symbolizing each client.  If there are multiple clients, identical threads will compete: I look in the salon to see if theres room to spare.  Whether I go or I expect; When Im inside I sit on a chair I expect that the barber is free; I get up from my chair (and thus frees up) and I enter the room; I let his beard trimmed; When he finished, I pay and I get home. Read comics if seat available at waiting room Looking at the size difference between the action list of the barber and the customer, we note that the customer is more things.  In fact, the customer must manage additional resources from the barber the free space in the waiting room when present at the exhibition entrance. Resources Writing and explaining how the program will be running plays a big role in having a successful program. I have to know what type of resources and the needs of the program I need to make it work perfectly. The needs: Firstly it is clear that we will have a semaphore on the number of seats available in the waiting room.  It will limit the number client can find the room simultaneously.  When a client is present supernumerary the thread will wait for the release of the resource (the chair).   Now we must manage the sleep of the barber.  We need a semaphore blocking the barber when there is no client.  It must be incremented to the arrival of each client and initialized to zero.   Must thread the barber and the customer have a time in common when haircuts takes place.  There are a myriad of  bitouilles  possible, but the simplest is to have two semaphores: one for the clients arrival, the second for his departure.   Heres how the four semaphores will be used in our  virtual barber: places Number of seats available in the waiting room of the exhibition upon arrival of a client, it performs a  wait  on the semaphore.  If the number is zero free space on his arrival, he will wait for a client releases a chair.  The client makes a  post  when he managed to enter the room of the barber (so it rises from the chair). salle_vide The semaphore  salle_vide  corresponds to a value equal to the number of customers in the waiting room.  it is 0 when the latter does not have any customer.  The barber performs a  wait  on the semaphore and crashes (goes to sleep) when the room is empty. room This semaphore is initialized to 0.  Any customer arriving in the waiting room waits for the release of this resource.  He was released by the barber when it is ready to receive a clients piece of work. Out The purpose of this semaphore is very similar to the previous one.  The client performs a  wait  is over and the barber freeing this resource by a  post  when he finished shaving the customer.  While the semaphore before the start synchronization shaving, it synchronizes the end. I will now present a summary of the evolution of each of these semaphores during the passage of a client in the salon.  I guess the room is empty before it happened and that no other client comes while he is there.  I do not dà ©crierai lock operation, it is quite explicit.   places salle_vide room out action initial state 8 0 0 0 exec (hand) barber lying 8 (0) 0 0 b:  wait (salle_vide) arrival of a customer (8) (0) 0 0 c:  wait (squares) the client asseoie 7 + (0) 0 0 c:  post (salle_vide) the client waits 7 0 (0) 0 c:  wait (piece) Client Home 7 0 + (0) 0 b:  post (piece) between the customer 7 0 0 0 c:  post (places) shaving client 8 0 0 (0) c:  wait (outside) the barber shaves 8 0 0 (0) b:  sleep () it releases its customer 8 0 0 + (0) b:  post (outside) Semaphores framed by a pair of parentheses mean that  wait  has been done on this resource and a thread is blocked, waiting for the release of this resource.  + Means that the  post  has been taken. Program Organisatized Our program virtual the barber  has three global variables: Four semaphores The lock to the body The value of the fund It also has two functions:  proc_barbier  and  proc_client  respectively procedures barber and client.  The main program (main) deals first initialize the semaphore and lock.  Then it creates the thread corresponding to the barber.  It goes straight to bed since no customer has yet been created.  Simulating client threads are created one by one dynamically when the user presses the I entry.  If he lets his finger pressed the button a few seconds can quickly create a large number of clients.  The results of the application are sent to standard output (stdout). Instructions for use:  On a fast station this small program can quickly make mistakes.  Under the Linux operating system the machine uses the kernel call  clone ()  to create a new thread, which has the effect of creating a new process.  In my tests I found (after falling asleep myself on the  entry   key) with more than 200 client process waiting for my poor barber. There are two main methods used inside the program this includes the following; Barber; while(1) { P(Customers) //wait for C and sleep P(accessSeats) //mutexprotect the number of available seats NumberOfFreeSeats++ //one chair gets free V(Barber) //Bring in a C for haircut V(accessSeats) //release the mutexon the chairs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. //here the B is cutting hair This green highlighted writing is showing the comments of the codes.} //while(1) Customers while(1) { P(accessSeats) //mutexprotect the number of available seats if ( NumberOfFreeSeats> 0 ) { //if any free seats NumberOfFreeSeats //sitting down on a chair V(Customers) //notify the B V(accessSeats) //release the lock P(Barber) //wait if the B is busy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. //here the C is having his hair cut } else { //there are no free seats V(accessSeats)//release the lock on the seats //C leaves without a haircut } }//while(1) The Dining Philosophers The example below shows a solution where the forks are not explicitly represented. Philosophers can eat if you eat any of its neighbors. This is comparable to a system where the philosophers who cannot get the second fork must leave the first fork before they try again. In the absence of locks associated with the forks, philosophers must ensure that the decision to start eating is not based on stale information on the state of the neighbors. Eg if philosopher B sees that A does not eat, then turns and looks C, A could begin eating while B looks at C. This solution avoids this problem by using a single mutex lock. This lock has nothing to do with the holders, but with the decision procedures that can change the states of the philosophers. This is ensured by the monitor. The test procedures, collection and observation are local offensive to monitor and share a mutex lock. Note that philosophers who want to eat do not hold a fork. When the monitor allows a philosopher who wants to continue eating, the philosopher acquires again the first fork before picking up the second fork now available. When done eating, the philosopher will signal to the monitor that both forks are available now. Note that this example does not address the problem of hunger. For example, the philosopher B can wait forever if meal periods of philosophers A and C always overlap. To also ensure that no philosopher is hungry, you could keep track of the number of times that a philosopher cannot eat when hungry neighbors leave their holders. If this number exceeds some threshold, the state of the philosopher could change to Hunger, and the decision procedure for collecting holders could be increased to require that none of the neighbors go hungry. This further reduces dependence coincidence. The lifting of the threshold for the transition to the Hungry reduces this effect. In 1984, K. Mani Chandy and J. Misra proposed a different solution to the problem of dining philosophers have considered arbitrary reagents (numbered P , P) compete for an arbitrary number of resources, unlike Dijkstra solution. Also fully distributed and does not require any central authority after initialization. However, violates the requirement that the philosophers do not speak to each other (due to the prompts). For each pair of philosophers who compete for a resource, create a fork and give it to the philosopher with the lower ID. Each holder may be either dirty or clean. Initially, all forks are dirty. When a philosopher wants to use a set of resources (ie eating), must obtain the holders of its neighbors that fall. When a philosopher with a fork receives a request message, keeps the fork if it is clean, but leaves when it is dirty. If you send the fork, the fork cleans before doing so. After a philosopher is done eating, all his forks become dirty. If another philosopher had previously requested one of the forks, clean the fork and sends it. This solution also has a large level of coincidence and has solved a problem arbitrarily large. It also solves the problem of hunger. The clean / dirty labels serve as a way to give preference to process more hungry and a disadvantage to processes that just eat. One might compare its solution one where the philosophers are not allowed to eat twice in a row while others use forks between. Their solution is more flexible than this, but has an element that tends in that direction. In their analysis take a tiered distribution preferred holders and their states clean / dirty. They show that this system can describe an acyclic graph, and if so, the operations in their protocol cannot convert that one cyclic graph. This ensures that the deadlock cannot occur. However, if the system is initialized to an absolutely symmetrical, like all philosophers holding their forks on the left, then the graph is cyclic in the beginning, and its solution cannot prevent a deadlock. Initializing the system so that the IDs below philosophers holders have dirty ensures that the top graph is acyclic. Implementations of a typical philosopher I will now be commenting on some of the implementations of a typical philosopher: Figure 2.2 1 typicalPhilosopher() //Name 2 { 3 while ( true ) // while loop used 4 { 5 think(); //typical philosopher is thinking 6 7 pickUpLeftFork(); //typical philosopher picks up the left fork 8 pickUpRightFork(); //typical philosopher pick up the right fork 9 10 eat(); //typical philosopher is now eating 11 12 putDownLeftFork(); //typical philosopher puts down the left fork 13 putDownRightFork();//typical philosopher puts down the right fork 14 } // end while 15 16 } // end typicalPhilosopher Figure 2.3 1 typicalPhilosopher()//Name 2 { 3 while ( true ) // while loop used 4 { 5 think();//typical philosopher is thinking 6 7 pickUpBothForksAtOnce(); //typical philosopher picks up both folks 8 9 eat();//typical philosopher is now eating 10 11 putDownBothForksAtOnce();//typical philosopher puts both folks down 12 } // end while 13 14 } // end typicalPhilosopher Figure 2.4 1 typicalPhilosopher()//Name 2 { 3 while ( true ) // while loop used 4 { 5 think();//typical philosopher is thinking 6 7 while ( notHoldingBothForks ) //while loop used so that typical philosopher cant pick up both folks at once 8 { 9 pickUpLeftFork();//typical philosopher pick up the left fork 10 11 if ( rightForkNotAvailable ) //he picks up the left for in the previous if he hasnt got the right fork available 12 { 13 putDownLeftFork();//typical philosopher puts the left fork down 14 } // end if 15 else //if else statement used to make it work properly 16 { 17 pickUpRightFork();//typical philosopher picks up the right for 18 } // end while 19 } // end else 20 21 eat(); 22 23 putDownLeftFork();//typical philosopher puts the left fork down 24 putDownRightFork();//typical philosopher puts the right fork down 25 } // end while 26 27 } // end typicalPhilosopher Figure 2.5 1 typicalPhilosopher() 2 { 3 while ( true ) 4 { 5 think();//typical philosopher is thinking 6 7 if ( philosopherID mod 2 == 0 )//if the remainder is not 0 it performs action if 0 then performs the action 8 { 9 pickUpLeftFork();//typical philosopher picks up the left fork down 10 pickUpRightFork();//typical philosopher picks up the right fork down 11 12 eat(); 13 14 putDownLeftFork();//typical philosopher puts the left fork down 15 putDownRightFork();//typical philosopher puts the right fork down 16 } // end if 17 else 18 { 19 pickUpRightFork();//typical philosopher picks up the right fork 20 pickUpLeftFork();//typical philosopher picks up the left fork 21 22 eat();//typical philosopher is eating 23 24 putDownRightFork();//typical philosopher puts the left fork down 25 putDownLeftFork();//typical philosopher puts the right fork down 26 } // end else 27 } // end while 28 29 } // end typicalPhilosopher As you can see from the above figure of the typical philosopher different types of condition and statements were used. These statements and conditions allow the program to implement different types of actions. Conclusion Recommendation