Gender Equality in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose an Essay on Sexual orientation Equality in Australia. Answer: Draft presentation Throughout the years there has been incredible exertion which has been made with respect to the sex uniformity. The social orders have changed gradually their perspectives on ladies working close by the men in various open and privately owned businesses that have been ruled by men already (Bohnet, 2016). In this paper plan it will features how this article would be talked about. The arrangement has different subtopics which would be talked about in the paper. Topics These are the viewpoints which are examined in this subject. A portion of the key subjects which will be examined are on sex and sexuality, prejudice, class disparity, and the privileges of the people (Bohnet, 2016). Contention Ladies ought to be given equivalent right to men. There have been changes which are going on to detach this part of sex correspondence. Because of the various social liberties associations, the job of the ladies in the work place has expanded. Key ideas There are various key ideas which will be talked about according to the sex correspondence these are as per the following; Formal and Substantive Equality Poststructural Approaches Sex disparity, Feminism and Law Agreement Approaches Commented on book reference Distinctive research will be drawn from different sources, for example, articles and books according to the subject of sexual orientation balance. These sources will give a survey of a portion of the work that has been done with respect to this point. Key cases The significant case has been ladies have not been working nearby with the men in various open and privately owned businesses and the male have commanded this region for long (Comim Nussbaum, 2014). There has been exertion made in regard to this sexual orientation equity. References Bohnet, I. (2016). What works: Gender equity by structure. Harvard University Press. Comim, F., Nussbaum, M. C. (2014). Abilities, Gender, Equality. Cambridge University Press.

The Quiet American

The Quiet American In The Quiet American Grahm Green composes of an unpredictable love triangle occurring in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He picks Thomas Fowler as the hero to recount to the story from a one-sided perspective. From the earliest starting point, Fowler announces that he is objective. As the story advances he is in the long run surrenders to the craving to make a move and get included. It isn't until after this peak Fowler at long last acknowledges and admits to himself that he can't just stay reserved his whole life.Green’s utilization of Fowler as an insecure storyteller viably portrays the unpredictability of human rationale and that it is so hard to be straightforward, even to oneself. Fowler is a British writer who has been working in Vietnam for quite a while. Living in an incredibly questionable period in all the activity, Fowler demands remaining â€Å"not involved† (20). Fowler is a â€Å"reporter,† rather than a â€Å"correspondent,â⠂¬  for he reports what he sees and â€Å"[takes] no action† (20). He regularly prefers to sit over the road structure the milk-bar and simply observe.Watching individuals everything being equal and hues approach their typical lives, Fowler does nothing himself, yet just watches. He even uses opium to accomplish a condition of complete indifference about the world and everything around him. Only a solitary channel could cause Fowler to become apathetic regarding the â€Å"presence or absence† of his darling (6); a few more and he can't choose whether his own passing would be positive or negative. Opium permits him to persuade even himself that he truly is apathetic regarding all that which goes on around him.He highly esteems staying confined and not favoring one side, saying it is â€Å"an article of [his] creed† (20). In view of his assurance to be only an eyewitness, Fowler should make a fine storyteller. Unbiased and impartial, he would recount to the story as is without even an assessments to cloud his psyche, for â€Å"even a sentiment is a sort of action† (20). Notwithstanding Fowler’s endeavors, it before long gets unimaginable for him to stay stale. Whenever the open door is offered to him, he sets out to take an interest in a plot to kill Alden Pyle. He legitimizes his choice with the way that Pyle experiences caused a lot of difficulty and disaster.He is gullible to the point that he doesn't understand the degree of what he has done, and even with the passing of such a significant number of individuals on his hands, â€Å"he’ll consistently be guiltless, [and] you can’t fault the innocent†(155). Fowler persuades himself that Pyle as a danger to society and â€Å"all you can do is†¦ dispense with him. Guiltlessness is a sort of insanity†(155). Nonetheless, his thinking is flawed, for there are close to home intentions required also. Fowler doesn't need Phuong to leave him and wed Py le. His significant other had just clarified that she won't give him a divorce.Though he can't wed her himself, he is narrow minded and wishes everything to remain the manner in which it is. When Phuong and her sister discover that Fowler’s spouse stays stubborn on her refusal of his solicitation for a separation, things begin to betray him. Phuong moves out and plans to wed Pyle. Fowler, crushed, has expanded motivation to need Pyle dead. Actually, the two men discuss how Phuong is â€Å"the most significant thing there is† directly before Fowler decides to open the book at the window and invigorate the entire arrangement (169).It is certain that Fowler doesn't settle on his choice dependent on political grounds. Gradually, supposedly on, Fowler begins to understand that it is difficult to remain impassive of everything around him. â€Å"Sooner or later, one needs to favor one side on the off chance that one is to remain human† (166). After he chooses to take p art in the ploy to slaughter Pyle, he perceives that â€Å"[he] had become as connected as Pyle† (175). Fowler has accepted his job in the game. He can no longer take cover behind his request that he is impartial and â€Å"no choice could ever be straightforward again. Obstinate as he was before about not favoring one side, Fowler understands that he â€Å"had made a decision about like a journalist†¦ and double-crossed [his] own principles† (175); he is straightforward to himself when he at last goes too far into prejudice. After Pyle’s passing Fowler discloses to Phuong that he is heartbroken. She doesn't get the essentialness of his expression of remorse, yet he says that however â€Å"everything had gone right for [him] since [Alden] had died†¦ [he] wished there existed somebody to whom [he] could state that [he] was sorry†(180). Fowler sees obviously the size of what he has done.He assumes liability for his activities and feels regret. The flimsiness of Fowler’s portrayal delineates the uncommon complexity of individual drive. It is never clear the reasons that Fowler settles on a large number of his choices, regularly not even to himself. Does he execute Pyle out of political concern, or sympathy for the Vietnamese individuals? Does he do it because of affection for Phuong, or is it essentially desire? These inquiries, somewhat a riddle even to Fowler himself, are underscored by his temperamental narration.Unclear expectations are not constrained to simply the storyteller. At the point when Pyle spares Fowler’s life, his intentions are vague also. One may accept that dependent on Pyle’s basic character, his motivations are no doubt be unadulterated and real. He most likely spared Fowler since it was in his capacity and it was the proper activity. However, Fowler speculates Pyle to be additionally figuring, that he wanted to rise a saint from the trial and win Phuong over in that manner. Human in tentions are frequently multi-layered and hard to understand.Graham settles on the particular decision of recounting to a story from the preferential perspective of somebody whose individual life is tangled in the chaos of the story. Fowler begins resolved to remain unbiased as a columnist and an individual as a rule. Be that as it may, as occasions happen and his joy is risked, he gets attracted and makes a move. In spite of the fact that he settles on his choice to get included, Fowler is uncertain and far fetched the entire time and feels a lot of regret when it is everywhere. It is then that he should admit to himself, and the perusers see, that he isn't unprejudiced all things considered, and it is, actually, human instinct to agree with a particular position.

Common Withdrawal Symptoms of Quitting Alcohol

Common Withdrawal Symptoms of Quitting Alcohol Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Print Common Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Prolonged Drinking Means You May Need Treatment to Minimize Symptoms By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 12, 2019 Verywell / JR Bee More in Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Binge Drinking Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If your nightly glass of wine or beer has turned into several, or youve noticed that your drinking has started to negatively impact your home, work, or family life, you may be wondering what to expect once you start to curtail the habit. Or maybe you have a loved one who drinks heavily and youre urging him or her to pursue sobriety and you want to know what he or she might be facing on the journey there. When you suddenly stop or cut back on your drinking after chronic or prolonged use of alcohol, you may experience physical and psychological symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.?? The severity of these symptoms can range anywhere from mild to severe depending on how long youve used alcohol and how much you normally drink. Causes Alcohol has depressing effects that slow your brain down.?? When you drink heavily, frequently, or for prolonged periods of time, your brain eventually adjusts to these depressing effects and compensates accordingly by releasing more stimulating chemicals than it does when youre not drinking. This overproduction becomes your brains new normal, so when you stop drinking, your brain is still producing these extra chemicals, potentially causing you to experience unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that are associated with overstimulation. Eventually, your brain readjusts, but in the meantime, you may not feel your best. Not everyone who stops drinking experiences withdrawal symptoms, but many people who have been drinking for a long period of time, drink frequently, or that drink heavily when they do drink, will experience some form of withdrawal symptoms if they stop drinking suddenly. Symptoms You may experience several mild to moderate psychological and physical symptoms when quitting drinking.?? Psychological Symptoms Feeling jumpy or nervous Shakiness Anxiety Irritability or becoming excited easily Rapid emotional changes Depression Fatigue Difficulty thinking clearly Bad dreams Physical Symptoms Headache Sweating, especially the palms of your hands or your face Clammy skin Paleness Rapid heart rate (palpitations) Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Insomnia Elevated blood pressure Tremor of your hands Delirium Tremens A particularly severe type of alcohol withdrawal is called delirium tremens (or DTs) and can occur anywhere from two to four days and up a week after your last drink. DTs may be more likely to happen if you are malnourished. Of those who develop the DTS, about one in 20 die as a result. Since it can be life-threatening, its important that you get emergency help for someone who has these symptoms. The symptoms of delirium tremens include: Confusion, which may be severeHallucinationsAgitationFeverSeizuresHeart arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)Dangerous changes in blood pressureExcessive sweatingTremorsRapid changes in moodSensitivity to touch, light, and/or sound These symptoms may get rapidly worse. A person with delirium tremens will need to be hospitalized for a period of time to get the symptoms under control and possibly to save his or her life. Withdrawal Duration Those who have suddenly stopped drinking and are experiencing alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually have the same two questions: Is this normal? and How long does it last? The problem with these questions is that withdrawal can be different for everyone, so there really is no normal so to speak. Typically, withdrawal symptoms begin within hours to a day or two after your last drink and are usually at their worst around 24 to 72 hours after you stop drinking,?? but certain other symptoms like changes in your sleep patterns, fatigue, and changes in your mood can last for weeks or months. Youll likely begin to feel better around five days to a week after you stop drinking. It may be helpful to learn about  alcohol withdrawal symptoms day by day. Treatment With the proper medical care, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be greatly reduced or even eliminated. There are specific treatments available for anyone who wants to stop drinking, even after long-term, chronic alcohol abuse. For those drinkers who have decided to quit drinking, for whatever reason, withdrawal symptoms can be a significant stumbling block in maintaining sobriety. One of the main causes of relapses during the early stages of recovery are the effects of withdrawal symptoms. When the withdrawal symptoms begin, many people who are trying to stop drinking give up if the symptoms become aggravating enough and decide to take a drink just to ease the discomfort. Thankfully, there are medications available called benzodiazepines like Librium (chlordiazepoxide) and Ativan (lorazepam) that can help control your withdrawal symptoms without the need to drink alcohol. As long as your symptoms are mild, you can safely stop drinking alcohol at home. Long-time or heavy drinkers should involve a doctor in this process but because its impossible to predict just how severe withdrawal symptoms will be. If you go into delirium tremens without supervision, it could prove fatal. Getting Help and Support Once youve gone through withdrawal, youll also need a plan to remain alcohol-free. Ask your doctor for advice on treatment for alcohol dependence. There are many other resources available for anyone who is sincere about stopping drinking for good, or who wants to reduce the harm alcohol may be causing in their life by cutting down. You may greatly benefit from the encouragement and support that you can find at a support group meeting like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or even an online meeting.?? These groups are known to help people get and stay sober, which is important not only for your relationships but for your health as well. You can also contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for free, confidential resources and referrals for treatment and support groups. They can connect you with local services and theyre available 24/7 every day of the year. SAMHSA also has an online treatment services locator that will find treatment facilities that are near you.

Social Status in Shakespeares Plays - 2035 Words

In Shakespeares time, the English lived with a strong sense of social class -- of belonging to a particular group because of occupation, wealth, and ancestry. Elizabethan Society had a very strict social code at the time that Shakespeare was writing his plays. Social class could determine all sorts of things, from what a person could wear to where he could live to what jobs his children could get. Some families moved from one class to another, but most people were born into a particular class and stayed there. There was a chance of being granted a title by the crown. This was uncommon at the time and a relatively new thing for Europe where ancestry always defined nobility. Shakespeares plays show the different social statuses throughout†¦show more content†¦The fact that the people were born into what social class they had to live in leaves them from exploring themselves and potential. They are only allowed to aspire so high, and that defeats the purpose of find oneself beca use they are told what they are going to be. Shakespeare questions the rigidity of social class in the play, Alls Well That Ends Well, because he portrays Helen as being equal to Bertram because of deed and not birth. The King sees nothing wrong with Helen picking someone to marry that is high above her in social standing. Hes even willing to grant her a title to make her equal to Bertram. The King says it is just Helens status that Bertram disdains, but Im not sure if it is. I think in this case that Bertram is more worried about tainted blood entering his family. The nobility only married the nobility because of the fact that their blood was considered to be more pure and clean. In the case of Helen she was of the working class which meant her blood wasnt of the pure and clean type that she was a base commoner. Nobility didnt like to think that their blood should be mixed with that of the commoners and the lower classes. At least not in the case of the first born sons or the daugh ters of the nobility. In the case of social identities being formed in Shakespeares plays I feel as though hesShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Social Mobility Through Marriage1655 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper critically analyses the theme of social mobility through marriage in Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’. In addition, the paper highlights how different characters in the play got into higher social classes or desired to be in higher social classes through marriage. This paper holds that in a highly stratified society such as that presented in the Shakespeare’s play; marriage plays a significant role in in social class mobility. As opposed to some traditional society where marriage wasRead MoreSocial Class In Twelfth Night Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesSociety relies on the concept of social class to categorize the population into ranked groups based on wealth and status. This idea of social class distinction remains a common theme throughout Shakespeares plays. Shakespearean era society possessed a structured hierarchy of social class, based largely on wealth and nobility. This system influenced social interactions among the population and often guided marriage arrangements. Shakespeare’s commentary on social class, in his comedy Twelfth NightRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pageslife filled with unhappiness and regret. Shakespeare’s famous play Twelfth Night shows us the harmful effects of superficiality and self-love. Many of the characters in the play have these two bad qualities and suffer a great deal because of them. In this paper, I will be analyzing how the suffering in the play is caused by the characters’ superficiality and self-love. I will begin by examining the superficiality and self –love of the society in the play. Then I will look at how this superficialityRead More10 Things I Hate About You Taming of the Shrew: Appropriation1376 Words   |  6 Pages10 Things I Hate About You The Taming of the Shrew The historical and cultural contexts of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew (TTS) and the 1999 film 10 Things I Hate About You (10TIH) differ exceptionally, resulting in the film’s expression of values unlike those expressed in Shakespeare’s original text. Shakespeare’s play was written during the Elizabethan era, during which the belief that men were superior to women was prevalent. This concept is centralised in TTS, through incorporationRead MoreShakespeare s Influence Of Writing954 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s staged life, a period in which his life is well known for, is what society knows him as today. The name Shakespeare today means English poet, actor, and play write. Shakespeare is regarded and considered by some the greatest writer in the English language. Being England’s nation poet he constructed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and other verses. His plays and works have influenced today’s theatres. Shakespeare’s in tellect had nothing to do with facts but with ambition, intrigue, love, andRead More Importance of Clothing in King Lear Essays621 Words   |  3 PagesClothing in King Lear nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Nakedness and dress in Shakespeares King Lear, represented the status of a character. Many scenes use clothing to show one characters dominance over another.nbsp; The more opulent the clothing, the higher the status, or the lack of clothing, the lower the status.nbsp;nbsp; A few characters go through many wardrobes. Lear and Edgar, both start the beginning of the play wearing expensive, luxurious clothing, but each at different times wearRead MoreThe Role of Marriage in Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer’s Night Dream and The Merchant of Venice952 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the play. The ill-matched couples courting throughout the play often encounter obstacles and experience an uncanny style of courting. Shakespeare focuses on the hectic courting of the poorly matched individuals married at the end of the play rather than the future lives of these newlyweds is not given much thought in order to give the play a light ending. Rather than Shakespeare describing love as a natural human state, necessary for true happiness, Shakespeare’s plays are doubtful aboutRead MoreLiterary Scholarship And Criticism Of Shakespeare s The Invention Of The Human 1309 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare critic and Harvard literature professor, Harold Bloom, asserts that Shakespeare is the metaphorical â€Å"inventor of man.† Bloom writes: The plays remain the outward limit of human achievement: aesthetically, cognitively, in certain ways morally, even spiritually. They abide beyond the end of the mind’s reach, we cannot catch up to them. Shakespeare will go on explaining us, in part because, he invented us† (pp. 19-20). Bloom’s audacious evaluation of Shakespeare has been echoed throughoutRead MoreShakespeare and Anti-Semitism in the Merchant of Venice1489 Words   |  6 PagesElizabethan era, a question of anti-Semitism invariably arises. In William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice, we find that one of the characters is the embodiment and expression of anti-Semitic attitude that is pervasive in Elizabethan society. Anti-Semitism was an intricate part in Shakespeares years. Jews were considered vile and scorned upon. Shakespeare presents Judaism as an unchangeable trait (Bloom 37). Shakespeares age based their anti-Semitism on religious grounds because the ElizabethansRead MoreThe Shrew By William Shakespeare1196 Words   |  5 PagesWithout an additional relationship, All’s Well That Ends Well stands out in Shakespeare’s comedies because the entirety of romantic focus in the play is on one, unwanted marriage. This comedic social issue that separates them is part inte rnal and part external, instead of just a forbidden marriage. The play also takes Helena’s subplot from A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the woman’s wooing of a man, and makes it the focus of the play. As we read in Montrose’s article, Oberon corrected this gender role swapping

Ideology Behind American Revolution Essays - 1890 Words

The American Revolution was predicated by a number of ideas and events that, combined, led to a political and social separation of colonial possessions from the home nation and a coalescing of those former individual colonies into an independent nation. Summary The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French and Indian War (also, Seven Years War) ended the French military threat to British North American colonies. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay a larger proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes (later known as the Stamp Act), followed by other laws intended to demonstrate†¦show more content†¦Republicanism A motivating force behind the revolution was the American embrace of a political ideology called republicanism, which was dominant in the colonies by 1775. The republicanism was inspired by the country party in Britain, whose critique of British government emphasized that corruption was a terrible reality in Britain.[8] Americans feared the corruption was crossing the Atlantic; the commitment of most Americans to republican values and to their rights, energized the revolution, as Britain was increasingly seen as hopelessly corrupt and hostile to American interests. Britain seemed to threaten the established liberties that Americans enjoyed.[9] The greatest threat to liberty was depicted as corruption—not just in London but at home as well. The colonists associated it with luxury and, especially, inherited aristocracy, which they condemned.[10] The Founding Fathers were strong advocates of republican values, particularly Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, George Washington, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton,[11] which required men to put civic duty ahead of their personal desires. Men had a civic duty to be prepared and willing toShow MoreRelatedHegels Contradiction in Human History Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst day. Ideologies are born as human’s interpretation of the world and belief system, also an endeavor to seek the truth of human nature. Ideologies emerge throughout the periods of great changes: the Enlightenment, the English â€Å"Glorious† Revolution, the American Revolution, etc. They have become the motivations, the standards, and the roots to modern political systems. Their roots are the philosophies developed by famous philosophers throughout the time. However, as each ideology is developedRead MoreThe American Renissance1169 Word s   |  5 Pageslifestyle. Revolution is a fundamental change in society brought by people getting together for a common cause. Many revolutions had taken place in human history, led by different causes, situations and people. Some examples are like political revolution, socio-economic revolution industrial or commercial revolution, philosophical revolution, Cultural Revolution etc. Those revolutions vary in methods, motives, duration and its effects on society. Sometimes the intentions behind the revolution or movementRead MoreRole of Ideas in the French and Russian Revolutions1432 Words   |  6 PagesCount: 1511 How important was the role of ideas in the outbreak of revolution? When comparing the French Revolution of 1789 and Russian October Revolution of 1917, a series of parallels become evident. Both revolutionary groups became determined with an extensive emergence of new ideas, which captured a strong majority of the respective populations. The importance of the ideas was critical to maintaining a drive for the revolutions considering they acted as a manifestation of what the public and theRead MoreThe Between Socialism And Communism908 Words   |  4 PagesAs the cultural Marxist ideology used by liberals in the United States today originates from Europe, understanding what politicians represent will go some way to avoiding further American decline, the slide into a police state and the belief that Obama is a Messiah. The coming 2016 election is arguably the most important ever held. Consequences from the results decide the future of the United States and in which direction it will shift, towards European liberal fascism and equality based Human RightsRead More The European Expansion and its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesby science.† (p. 403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhaps were the most profound. The EuropeanRead More Gordon Wood’s Radicalism of the American Revolution Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesGordon Wood’s Radicalism of the American Revolution is a book that extensively covers the origin and ideas preceding the American Revolution. Wood’s account of the Revolution goes beyond the history and timeline of the war and offers a new encompassing look inside the social ideology and economic forces of the war. Wood explains in his book that America went through a two-stage progression to break away from the Monarchical rule of the English. He believes the pioneering revolutionaries were rootedRead MoreAge of Revolutions Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages) What do you think was the most important outcome of the Age of Revolutions? There have been several vital products of the Age of Revolutions but most importantly was the introduction of post-colonial attitudes with the need of self-governess away from empires overseas. This was achieved through the democracy and constitutions which still are the most important legacy existing in the modern world. It this outcome that societies were able to create influential pieces of works and change how societiesRead MoreAnalysis of Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America 690 Words   |  3 Pages Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America was a refreshing historian analysis of the role of women in our nation’s history. In the early Revolution eras, the political role of women was nonexistent due to the traditional roles held by the patriarchal society the colonists lived in for most of their years. Kerber intertwined her book with an intelligent analysis, but also conveys this analysis in a clear way so that reader can comprehend further. ThroughoutRead More Ronald Takakis Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America1674 Words   |  7 Pagesvirtuous American citizens. Ronald Takaki expands upon this concept in his historical analysis, Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America, explaining that these constructs functioned specifically to separate the white man from blacks and Native Americans, who were believed to be devoid of the civility required to build a democratic nation. As patriot leaders att empted to resolve the exclusiveness of American identity to Anglo-Saxon peoples, rhetoric and reality merged to form ideology: In aRead MoreWeakness Of The American Foreign Policy Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesWas the weakness of the American foreign policy the cause to the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? ` The dà ©tente, a time were US and USSR were aiming to improve relations, did not prevent all diverse threats towards the USSR lead to a reaction such as their aggressive invasion of Afghanistan. In 1979, the Soviet Union made a fateful decision of invading Afghanistan. To put at risk this easing of strained relations which began in 1971 with the Soviet invasion, USSR must have had a valid enough

Administrative Ethics Paper Hcs/335 Free Essays

Administrative Ethics Paper HCS/335 November 5, 2012 Administrative Ethics Paper In today’s world of technology patient’s face an ever challenging issue of protecting their privacy. One of the biggest areas infringing on a patient’s privacy would be the prescription health information that is being released by pharmacists and the way in which that information is used. Information is given to a wide variety of entities and to individuals, which raises enormous concern about the privacy rights of patients, especially considering the fact that the patient has not given consent for the release of this information. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Ethics Paper Hcs/335 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Legislative and judicial attention is being given on how to protect privacy identifiable information on prescription data and the harm that can be done by the release of this information. There is a lot of focus on exploring privacy issues with regard to personal health information (PHI), especially with the prescription drugs containing so much information. The computerized databases in a pharmacy collect a host of patient information including the patient’s address, the patient’s name, the date it was filled, the place it was filled, the patient’s gender and age, the prescribing physician, what drug was prescribed, the dosage, and how many pills. How a patient’s information is used once it is de-identified most likely doesn’t even cross anyone’s mind because most patients don’t realize that anyone other than the pharmacist, the doctor, and the insurance company for processing the claim, are going to see it. There is a long list of companies and individuals that want the patient prescription PHI, including lawyers, educators, researches that are performing clinical trials, marketing purposes, government officials, and employers. The article, Somebody’s Watching Me, lays the groundwork in legally developing the framework for protecting the privacy of patient prescription PHI, especially the information on de-identified PHI. There are 5 parts to the legal framework. Part 1 basically states why there is a need for federal legislation to step in to help protect both patient prescription PHI, and de-identified patient prescription PHI. Part II shows the process of how the information is collected and used. Part III talks about federal and state laws that are currently in existence to protect a patient’s privacy rights, with a focus on three state statutory attempts that would curb information being used for marketing purposes, and the Supreme Court and circuit court responses. Part IV looks at the existing laws regarding unauthorized disclosure of patient prescription PHI. This is a more intense look at all of the statutes, ethical guidelines, federal and state statutes and laws, and other option for protecting a patient’s privacy. Part V suggests having a federal statute allowing patients to control the use of their information for both patient prescription PHI, and de-identified PHI. Most people would think that de-identified PHI would be protected because it is encrypted before it is transferred to others not authorized to access the identifiable information. Unfortunately, there are ways such as geo-coding that allows others to re-identify the information. Even if a company sells the data information that they have and they state that personal information is not to be used by third parties, there is no guaranty that the purchaser will uphold the agreement. In today’s technological society it is difficult to have a program that will continue to make re-identification impossible, especially if an individual’s privacy was once breached by re-identification. Encryptions are codes and codes are broken all the time. Moreover, encryption requires use of a key or cipher, which is used to lock and unlock the hidden data. Such a key is necessary to allow the hidden data to be viewed in an intelligible manner by those who are authorized to view it. However, there is always a risk that the encryption key might fall into the wrong hands, thereby allowing the information to be accessed by unauthorized viewers. There are many problems that could arise from a patient’s information landing into the hands of a stranger, a boss, an enemy, or any other individual that does not have permission to view that information. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) needs to take a hard look at the problems that exist with the identifiable patient prescription PHI, the de-identified patient prescription PHI, and the encrypted prescription PHI. These issues affect the entire population and can have a devastating impact on those that have their personal information get into the wrong hands. If there is an employee who has Aides and they don’t want other worker’s to know, it would be too easy for an employer to obtain that information. The arguments and facts that are used in the article support the proposed solution by stating the problems that arise without having laws in place to protect the privacy rights of patients. There are many ethical and legal issues when you are dealing with privacy rights, including the chances of getting sued by individuals for letting their information be obtained and used by others. Having privacy information released into the wrong hands can be detrimental to a patient. A manager in a health care environment should be there to support and help bring laws into place that protects both the patient and the organization. REFERENCES Smith, C. (2012) Somebody’s Watching Me: Protecting Patient Privacy in Prescription Health Information, Vermont Law Review, retrieved from the University of Phoenix Library on November 4, 2012. Kendall, D. Protecting Patient Privacy in the Information Age retrieved from http://www. hlpronline. com/kendall. pdf Thacker, S. , (2003) HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health CDC, retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2e411a1. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. David Colarusso, Note, Heads in the Cloud, A Coming Storm: The Interplay of Cloud Computing, Encryption and the Fifth Amendment’s Protection Against Self-Incrimination, 17 B. U. J. Sci TECH. L. 69, 78-80 (2011)(describing the details of symmetric key encryption and public key encryption) [ 2 ]. Id. at 789 (describing how a cipher or key renders plaintext unreadable gibberish). [ 3 ]. Robert D. Fram, Margaret Jane Radin Thomas P. Brown, Altred States: Electronic Commerce and Owning the Means of Value Exchange, 1999 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 2, 15-16 (1999) (outlining the risks of cryptography, including the possibility that encryption keys may not always be kept secret. ) How to cite Administrative Ethics Paper Hcs/335, Essay examples

Management practices and behaviors

Introduction In every organization, the productivity of employees is significantly determined by the organization’s ability to motivate them. In order to motivate their employees effectively, it is important for an organization to employ the appropriate management practices and behaviors. Management practices and behaviors is one of the most appropriate tools which can be used to increase the employee’s productivity and enhancing employee morale and commitment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management practices and behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Motivation can be defined as the set of reasons which affects one’s decisions to engage themselves in particular behaviors. When employees are motivated, they will become more committed to their respective duties because they believe their hard work is recognized. They will be motivated to work harder in order to maximize the re turns of an organization. When their efforts are recognized, employees will get a sense of identity with an organization. They will somehow have sense of ownership of the firm. Consequently, they will be committed to meet the organizational goals. In the long run, the organization’s profitability will increase due to the increased employee productivity. Despite of these advantages of employee motivation, the process is faced by a number of problems. These problems have significantly affected the success of employees’ motivation. For instance, in order for any organization to have a successful employee motivation process, it has to assign a substantial amount of money. It will cost an organization to buy presents for the employees or to carry out any incentive in order to motivate them to work harder. In most cases, it becomes very difficult to measure the returns which a certain employee-motivation practice will bring to an organization. For example, how much will an o rganization gain for every unit of resources allocated to employee motivation? This question brings about controversies in an organization’s efforts to motivate its employees. Literature Review In every organization, the major concern of the management is to coordinate the production factors in such a way that they contribute significantly in realization of the organizational goals. In an organization, we have non human factors like equipment which facilitate the process of production. The performance of such factors depends on the performance of the employees. Therefore, motivation of the workers is of great importance in improving the overall performance of an organization. The performance of the workers, however, will be determined by the motivation they receive as well as their ability to perform certain tasks (Scribd, not dated: 3).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More In most cases, many organizations find themselves in a number of problems emanating from its employees. Human beings can be too complex and they can also be very simple. Therefore, it is very important for the management to realize this fact in order to come up with the best practices in its efforts to manage its human factors. Employee motivation affects the productivity of employees in four dimensions. That is, effort, persistence, direction and goals (Scribd, not dated: 4). Effort refers to the strengths of an employee in the work related behaviors. On the other hand, persistence refers to the determination which employee’s display in applying effort to their work and duties. Direction refers to the quality of the worker’s behavior related into how they conduct themselves in carrying out their duties or tasks. Finally, goals refer to the ends through which the workers direct their efforts (Scribd, not dated: 5). It has been found that motivation causes go al oriented behaviors (Scribd, not dated: 8). When an individual experiences a feeling for a need, this feeling generates an urge that he or she misses something. Consequently, the feeling that he has something missing generates a lot of tension in his or her mind. In order to satisfy these needs, employees end up engaging themselves in goal directed behaviors to satisfy their needs. These behaviors in which the employees engage themselves in are goal directed. These behaviors increase their productivity hence significantly improving the performance of an organization. By engaging themselves in goal oriented behaviors, employees manage to fulfill their goals and, therefore, succeed in their efforts to fulfill their needs (Scribd, not dated: 5). This helps employees in overcoming their tension. However, the fulfillment of these needs require the presence of a favorable environment. Otherwise the process will be less effective. Goal oriented behavior among the employee is continuous b ecause when one need is satisfied, it generates another need. Therefore, employee motivation is significant in realization of organization long term and short term goals. Importance of applying employees’ motivation principle There are several reasons why it is important to motivate employees in every organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management practices and behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employees’ motivation is one of the major factors which determine an organization’s competitive advantage. When an organization motivates its employees, they improve their productivity. Therefore, an organization is able to produce more and spend less. In other words, a company is able to reduce its production costs. Thus, it will be easy for an organization to sell its products at a lower price and still retain its profitability. Motivation can also be viewed as the key to performance improvement and innovation. Motivated employees record a higher performance compared to other employees (Scribd, not dated: 10). When employees receive motivation through various methods, they will work very close to their capabilities. However, in the absence of any motivation, employee performance will tend to deviate away from their capabilities. High employee performance promotes profitability of an organization and therefore organizations need to motivate their employees. Another importance of motivating employees is to maintain a high level of employee turnover. An organization which frequently motivates their employees frequently experiences minimal cases of employee absenteeism. Organizations manage to avoid problems which are related with employee absenteeism like shortages, delays and other inconveniences. An organization also manages to maximize on utilization of its human factors. Employee motivation also reduces the chances of workers rejecting organization al changes. Motivated employees are more receptive to organizational changes compared with unmotivated employees (Scribd, not dated: 5). Changes in organizations are very important especially in the current business which is characterized by a very high level of competition. In such environment, an organization is forced to embrace changes with time. However, employees tend to oppose these changes when they are introduced in the organization. This is due to the adjustments that are associated with such changes which affect them. Motivated employees will support these changes and even engage themselves in their implementation. This promotes various activities in organizations. Maslow’s Theory This theory categorizes human needs into different levels. There are some levels which are more fundamental than others. The satisfaction of these needs can significantly affect the performance of an individual in an organization.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the main needs that an employee needs to get in an organization is safety. Employees need to be guaranteed of their job security in order to promote their commitment in their tasks (Huber 2006: 486). Employees need to be provided with safety and security needs in order to be motivated to improve on their production. In other words, lack of employment safety discourages employees from putting effort in their duties. They cannot successfully be committed for the success of the organization. For instance, they will not have any incentive to conduct research which has long-term impacts on an organization. Employees need to be free from any fears and any form of deprivation of their physiological needs (Wahba and Bridwell 1976: 230).The management should use the right language to the employees which does not threaten the permanency of an employee position in an organization. They must feel valued as an important part of an organization. There are several things which can be done i n order to meet these basic needs which are necessary for employee’s motivation. For instance, employers must assure the employees on the security of their employment. This will encourage employees to work harder for the success of their organization. If employees are not guaranteed on their security on an organization, they will have very low incentive to innovate. The expectancy theory The expectancy theory stipulates that employees will tend to work harder if they believe that hard work will lead to better performance and that better performance will lead to rewards (DuBrin 2008: 389). In other words, this theory shows that rewards can significantly affect the performance of employees. One of the ways through which employees can be rewarded is through payment. Employees can be encouraged to put more effort in their respective areas if they are rewarded with a good payment. Otherwise, employees will be discouraged and hence their productivity will be reduced if they are poo rly paid. The element of equity also plays a pivotal role in improving the employee’s performance. Employees will be discouraged if they feel they are being discriminated against. On the other hand, employees will be satisfied when they believe their compensation is equal to that given to others who make similar contribution in the organization (DuBrin 2008: 595). Herzberg Two Factor Theory In every organization, hygiene plays a pivotal role in motivating the employees. Hygiene factors represent both the work and the working environment in an organization. Employees will tend to be discouraged by poor working conditions (Anonymous 2011). Therefore, hygiene factors are of great significance in every organization. Herzberg’s two factor theory proposes that people are motivated by both satisfaction and psychological growth. These two factors contribute significantly in motivating individuals. Similarly, hygiene factors can significantly affect the level of employeeâ€℠¢s satisfaction (Mendenhall, Punnett and Ricks 1995: 58). According to this theory, hygiene factors are of great importance in an organization since their presence leaves the employees satisfied. Examples In the contemporary business world, many organizations have realized the importance of employee motivation in improving the overall performance of an organization. Most successful companies have applied employee motivation practices in their management. There are a number of organizations which have enormously benefited from their efforts to motivate their workers. One of the major companies which have significantly benefited with employee motivation practices is Coca Cola. Coca Cola is a multinational company whose employees come from all over the world. The company puts employee motivation as a top priority (Ford, Stephens and Cooper 2007: 12). This has significantly increased the performance of employees where the productivity level remains very high. Today, the Coca cola is amo ng the most famous companies in the world. Its brand is widely known such that when the name is mentioned to anybody from any part in the world, they have a least an idea of what it is. Another example is United Arabs Emirates which has critically benefited from employee motivation. Recent research has indicated that about 64 per cent of the United Arabs Emirates are motivated which is above the region’s average of 63 percent of employees who are motivated in their work (Khaleej times, 2009). This has contributed to the success of an organization. Employees provide good services to the customers due to motivation. This increases the performance of the company compared ton its competitors. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that management practices and behaviors are most appropriate for the purpose of increasing productivity and enhancing employee morale and commitment. Employees will always tend to improve on their performance when they receive any f orm of motivation. Less motivated employees will tend to be less committed in their work. These results indicate that it is important for every organization to allocate a specific fraction of its time and financial resources for the motivation of its employees. This is because lack of such practices will affect its profitability significantly. However, it is important to balance between motivational efforts and the returns from such practices. Otherwise, it will be not economical to spend more than what is realized from a motivational practice. In order for an organization to be able to come up with the best practices and methods of motivating its employees, it has to conduct an intensive research on the employees’ needs and their performance. This will help in making decisions on the most appropriate methods and times for carrying out these practices. For instance, the management may decide to carry out its motivational practices during their peak period when employees need to be more active. This will be more beneficial to the company rather than when motivation practices were conducted during other times. Recommendations The strategy of improving the worker’s productivity through motivational practices can significantly affect the productivity of an organization. The process has a number of benefits to an organization both in the short run and long run. The process should be supported from all levels of the management in order to gain maximum benefits from the whole process. This commitment will also improve the effectiveness of employee motivation practices. It is necessary to be objective while selecting the best approach to apply in promoting employee through motivational practices. The management must choose the most acceptable practices. This is because other methods may bring some conflicts in an organization which may eventually affect the performance of an organization negatively. Reference List Anonymous, 2011. Two Factor Theory-Herzb erg, Fredrick: Value based management.  Web. DuBrin, J., 2008. Essentials of Management. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.  Web. Ford, W., Stephens, R. and Cooper, L. 2007. Coca-Cola Case Study: An Ethics Incident. Web Huber, D., 2006. Leadership and Nursing Care Management. New York, Elsevier Health Sciences. Web. Khaleej times, 2009. Survey; UAE Leads in Employee Motivation. Web. Mendenhall, E., Punnett, B. and Ricks, A. 1995. Global Management. London, Wiley-Blackwell.  Web. Scribd. Employee’s Motivation (Using Two Factor Theory of Herzberg). Web. Wahba, M. and Bridwell, L. 2009. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. Volume 15, Issue 2, April 1976, Pages 212-240. Web. This research paper on Management practices and behaviors was written and submitted by user Maxim Casey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Watership Down Essay

Watership Down Essay In the book Watership Downby Richard Adams, the rabbits’ culture is very much like our human culture. One similarity between rabbits and humans is that they both believe in an all-powerful god. Another likeness of the two civilizations is that they both have governmental systems. A third parallel between humans and rabbits is that they both have stereotypical societies. Three major areas of human culture, belief in gods, governmental systems, and stereotypical societies, are just a few out of many characteristics presented that show the rabbits in Watership Down are really portraying human mentality in rabbits civilization. One similarity between rabbits and humans is that the majorities of them believe in an all-powerful god. Human society mainly worships three gods; Christians look to Jesus of the Trinity, Muslims to Allah, and Buddhists to Buddha. All followers recognize that their god created the earth, and has power to govern the world. They also pray to their god in times of hardship and when giving thanks. Rabbits have a god know as Frith, who is the sun, and that he created the world and watches over all the creatures that live there. Also like humans, the rabbits in Watership Down pray to Frith in times of adversity and thank him for their good fortune. An example of this can be found on page seventy, when the rabbits give thanks to Frith for helping them find their way through the woods at night. Rabbits and humans both believe in gods because they pray to them and ask them for help in times of need. Another likeness of the two civilizations is that they both have similar governmental systems. Humans have presidents, dictators, kings, or prime ministers that execute the laws of the land by using police to enforce rules and protect citizens. Rabbits rely on a Chief Rabbits, as the head of their â€Å"warren†, or territory. Like a king, the Chief Rabbit makes all important decisions pertaining to the community. Again, like humans, rabbits also have a police force known as the Owsla. They protect the Chief Rabbit, warn the warren of dangers such as predators and bad weather, and arrest rabbits that break the law. One instance of this is when the captain of the Owsla tries to arrest a rabbit for inciting to mutiny on page thirty-five. A third similarity between rabbits and humans’ governments is how the general public feels about their leaders. Most humans are not content with their leaders, and wish they could have their own way in making laws and leading their people. Rabbits are the same in that they don’t always agree with decisions made by the Chief Rabbit, but cannot do much about their dissatisfaction. Humans and rabbits have similar forms of government to run their communities in that they are headed by one main leader, they have a police force to carry out the laws, and the general population disagrees with decisions made by their leader. A third parallel between humans and rabbits is that they both have stereotypical societies. Humans have a strong habit of classifying a person by only their first impression. Size, physique, looks, language, and even hair style can alter someone’s feelings about what kind of person another human being is. Rabbits will judge others in the same sense by their smell, looks, size, and manner. For example, on page seventy-seven, Hazel concluded that the rabbit he had just met was well-fed, rich, and aristocratic all from just his large size. Although the rabbit tuned out to be rich, he did not end up having an â€Å"upper-class† attitude towards the group of ragged travelers, as they might have thought. Humans and rabbits both live in stereotypical societies because they both judge each other on how they look and present themselves. Just a few out of many characteristics presented that show the rabbits in Watership Down are really portraying a human’s mind-set in rabbits civilization are three of the major areas of human culture: belief in gods, governmental systems, and stereotypical societies. They both believe in gods because they pray to them and ask them for help in times of need. In addition, they have similar forms of government to run their communities in that they are headed by one main leader, they have a police force to look after the population, and the general public disagrees with judgments made by their leader. Finally, the both live in stereotypical societies because how they present themselves and their looks impacts another’s judgment of their character. The rabbits in Watership Down may have the body of rabbits, but they have the mentality of humans. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Watership Down topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

How to Decide if You Should Dropout of College

How to Decide if You Should Dropout of College Have you been considering whether or not you should dropout of college? If so, then you certainly are not alone there are millions of students each year who make the decision to quit college and many of them go on to lead happy and successful lives. However, it is certainly a big decision to make and it is not one that should be taken lightly. It is important to think about why you are considering dropping out and what you will do once you do. With that in mind, let’s take some time to explore a few of the advantages and disadvantages that come along with making the choice to dropout of college. When It Is a Good Idea to Dropout of College It is often the case that choosing to quit educational affiliation has a stigma attached to it that can make you feel like a failure. However, the reality is that studying at higher education institutions just isn’t right for everyone. Some people just don’t settle into student life and others are perhaps not ready and could benefit from taking a year or two out! There are certainly plenty of times when choosing to dropout can be the best option. With that in mind, let’s take a look at some of the advantages that come with choosing to dropout of college: No Student Debt – For some people, education just is not a good fit, and this usually becomes apparent early on. You could choose to stick it out and spend a few years being miserable, or you can accept the fact that student life isn’t for you and dropout. If you make this decision early enough, then you should be able to get out of your course before you have a chance to rack up any student debt! Make Money Instead of Spending It – Following on from the previous point, if you choose to dropout, thus avoiding student debt then you will have the opportunity to start earning money rather than spending it! Studying is expensive with the average undergraduate accumulating over $30,000 of debt! This means most young people find themselves held back when it comes to getting on the property ladder or even getting a car, because they have to pay off the student debts first! College Can Wait – One of the advantages to quitting college when you are just not feeling it is that the ability to get a degree will always be there. While it may be expected that you go to college right out of high school, there is no rule that says you have to stick to that schedule. It is becoming increasingly popular for people to return to education later in life so there is no reason to rush. Take Time to Find Your Niche – Choosing a major at an early age can be overwhelming. Many students leave high school with only a vague idea of the kind of career they wish to pursue. Often this can lead to people feeling like they made bad choice. If you feel like this, then dropping out is going to give you time to find your niche. Try out different jobs and explore your interests in order to gain a clearer picture of how your future should play out! When Dropping Out of College is a Bad Idea As with any decision in life, choosing to dropout of college has its downsides. As much as there can be advantages to dropping out, there are just as many disadvantages and it is important to take these into consideration before making a decision. Some of the most common cons of dropping out include: Some Industries Require Recognized Qualifications – In certain careers, it is going to be almost impossible to get your foot in the door never mind progress to a higher level if you do not have the appropriate qualifications. Practical experience can only take you so far before you need to back it up with a degree. If you do intend to drop out then be sure to find out if your chosen career is likely to be hampered by a lack of qualifications. You Will Have to Explain Your Decision – While this next disadvantage is not necessarily one which will have a big impact on your future career path, it is still an important one to consider. Dropping out of college is very much bucking the trend and many of your peers and family will not be pleased about your choice. You may find yourself having to constantly explain to people why you made this decision. Even potential employers will be curious to know why you did not complete your studies. Make sure you are clear about your reasons and this will make it easier to explain to others. You May Not Have Money at First – When you are in college it is likely that you will have some form of material help. However, once you drop out that stops and you will need to find a job. That could take some time, and you may need to start on the bottom of the ladder on little more than minimum wage. It is important to remember that you may well be short on cash so try to have a plan in place for what you will live on when you drop out. The last thing you want to do is get into debt when you have just avoided student loans! In Conclusion, there are lots of things to consider before you decide to officially dropout of college. One thing is clear, it is a decision that will be a very personal one and it is important not to get too bogged down in what is expected of you. Try not to think of dropping out as a shameful thing. There are as many advantages as there are disadvantages. In the end, all that really matters is coming to decision that is that makes you feel better. If that means you dropout of college than that’s perfectly fine, as long as your choice is reasonable.

Nanowire Battery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanowire Battery - Research Paper Example The basic electrodes in a lithium ion battery are modified by nanotechnology to improve the performance. This article intends to discuss the objectives of the nanowire battery technology. The basic features and the technology behind these batteries are discussed along with their advantages. Finally, the challenges and applications of Nano wire batteries are presented. Introduction The speed of operation of the present generation computers, other electronic gadgets and even electric cars are increasing at an exponential rate. This presents a demand for equivalent high capacity batteries to power them with high charging and discharging rate. The batteries that power the high speed devices like laptops, mobile phones, video games and even electric cars lack these characteristics due to chemical constraints. The traditional Lithium-ion batteries transfer lithium ions from carbon anode to a metal oxide cathode. As the number of lithium ion held by one carbon ion is only one, the charge de nsity in these batteries is low. On the other hand, the Silicon anode has the capability to hold 4.4 lithium ions in one silicon atom. Scientists at the Stanford university (Chan. C.K. , Zhang. X. F. & Cui Y. , 2008) have explored the use of Silicon and Germanium nanowires for improved battery energy. This article intends to explore the technological insights of this Nano Wire battery technology. Objectives The existing rechargeable batteries are limited in electrical charge density as well as lifetime. The popular Lithium ion batteries used in portable electronic gadgets and cars have lithiated graphite as anode, LiPF6 as the electrolyte and the LiCoO2 as cathode. Their major disadvantages are high production cost and lack of resources like Co for mass production. The new Nano wire battery technology, aims at eliminating the drawbacks in this Lithium ion batteries. The major objectives of this technology are to use cathodes and anodes with materials of higher energy density and to optimize the design of the batteries for higher performance. Features and Advantages The anodes used in nanowire battery were made of Silicon and Germanium nanowires (chan et al. , 2008 ). Since Silicon has low discharge potential and charge capacity of 4200 mAh/g, it is more preferred than Germanium which has a theoretical charge capacity of 1600 mAh/g. The following Figure. 1. shows the nanowires of Silicon grown on the electrodes. Figure. 1. Silicon Nano wires grown on the electrodes. The potential advantages of the Nano Wire design are high surface to volume ratio which enables more electrode contact with the electrolyte, they provide continuous conduction of electrons within the electrode and finally, due to the fibrous design they are good in facile strain relaxation. These anodes of Silicon nanowire have ten times more storage capacity compared to the existing carbon anodes. The most critical parameter for the safe operation of a battery is the Solid – Electrode - Inte rface (SEI). In nanowire batteries, the SEI formation is more when there is Lithium insertion into Silicon layers. The SEI in Silicon nanowire batteries has an inner layer of inorganic lithium compound and an outer layer of organic lithium compound. Also the voltage dependence of the SEI morphology, allows more cycles of charging and discharging. The analysis of the impedance level of these batteries shows that the impedance is due to both the process of diffusion and the

English 2 - IP 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English 2 - IP 5 - Research Paper Example Teenagers who are 18 years old are still studying and are therefore highly involved in academic work. At this age, they should be studying rather than engaging in vices. Legalizing alcohol at this stage will distract the teenager from his or her academic life. That instead of focusing on their studies, teenagers will turn into vices and will instead end up losing direction in their academic work because of alcohol (Vick, 2010). Prohibiting alcohol at this age ensures that teenagers will remain focus on their studies and graduate school. It is not advisable for teenagers to drink alcohol at an early age because alcoholism is an expensive habit which may be unaffordable to many teenagers. If teenagers will be allowed to drink at age 18 and get hooked with the habit, they may look for other ways to finance their habit. Thus, legalizing alcoholism at the age of 18 will lead young adults looking to illicit activities as they look for money to sustain their vice (Vick, 2010). This is a dangerous path for teenagers who are still in school because this could lead to bigger crimes just to fund their vice and therefore alcohol should be banned among 18 year olds. Alcohol does not only ruin teenagers study and future through crime but also has a negative effect on this health. Alcohol exposes the drinker to diseases such as cirrhosis (OMalley, & Wagenaar, 1991) and other diseases such liver cancer. These diseases reduce the life expectancy period of a person if the allowable drinking will be reduced to 18 years. Allowing teenagers to start drinking early also runs the danger of making them alcoholics who are addicted to the substance of alcohol that ruins every aspect of their lives ranging from their studies, their personal life, their health and ultimately, their future. Sources 1: OMalley, P. M., & Wagenaar, A. C. (1991). Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behaviors and traffic crash involvement

Thingyan: A Celebration of the Burmese New Year :: Burma, Myanmar

Everywhere I went, there was water. People on the road were all soaked from head to toe. They seemed to like the fact that they are wet. But why would they want to get wet? Because it's Thingyan. Thingyan is a traditional Burmese celebration which is the water festival. It is a celebration of the Burmese New Year. People celebrate Thingyan in April, the hottest month of the year. The Burmese people threw water at each other to cool themselves down, and as Burmese people believe it, to clean away the bad deeds of the previous year. Many flowers bloom in this time of the year and Padauk is the most special among them. Padauk is a spray of small yellow flowers that bloom on little stems. Among the dark green leaves, this yellow flower looks very pretty. Padauk is the typical flower in Thingyan. In some villages, boys would pick those flowers for girls to wear. Most girls wear them even if boys wouldn’t pick flowers for them. In the olden days, people would splash water at each other with buckets of water. They would tease each other and eat special food like, Montloneyaybaw (means–round snack floating on water). Montloneyaybaw is a floating rice dough ball, which had been boiled. In the center, it has a piece of jaggery. It is served with coconut shreds. Just to have fun, the Burmese people who made this dough would put chili instead of jaggery. People would never get angry at each other for it is Burmese New Year and getting wet is a normal thing at Thingyan. Now a days, as the culture developed, people use water guns and water hoses to make others wet. Young people would dye their hair to make themselves look cool. They would go around the town in cars to get wet. People who use water hoses would be on stages, throwing water from a high place. There would also be bands playing or dancers dancing on the stages at the back. Even though the culture developed, the traditional practices are still the same. People still throw water to wash away the bad deeds they did in the previous year. But most of the young people threw water for fun. They think this is the time of year to gather all your friends and go around getting wet. But some young people still follows the real tradition of Thingyan.

Blue Remembered Hills Essay

The plot and background Set in the West country (Devonshire/Cornwall) in 1943, the playwright Dennis Potter explores the traumatic childhoods of 7 young children. Originally written for television in 1979, the play follows seven 7 year olds through an actual day of their lives. As the play takes place in ‘real time’ the whole thing is naturalistic and there are no non naturalistic techniques such as flashbacks or other theatrical devices to skip to different times. The play is set in a barn, a wood and a field on a summer’s afternoon. Over the two hour period the friends play and squabble, particularly victimizing a boy whom they call ‘Donald Duck’, the play climaxes when this character is left out of games and activities by his peers and therefore decides to play his own game†¦ a game of pyromania! Characters As I said earlier the play is ‘totally’ naturalistic, however there is one significant exception: the playwright Dennis Potter insisted that adult actors were cast to portray the children. He thought that if children were used the audience would lose the ‘true meaning’ of the story within the sympathy that they would feel for the child actors. The Boys John: Looks after Raymond, fair-minded, often challenges Peter. Peter: Bully, very strong, is not very clever. Raymond: Has a stutter, very gentle and sensitive, is dressed as a cowboy. Willie: Intelligent and he uses this to overcome Peter’s bullying, is easy going The Girls Angela: Very bossy, pretty and very flirtatious for a seven year old, very self-centered. Audrey: Always trying to be Angela’s friend, very plain, overshadowed by Angela. The victim Donald Duck: Boys don’t like him very much, girls allow him to play ‘house’ with them. Very lonely as everyone taunts and bullies him. He is abused. Important hidden characters Wallace Wilson: class bully, hear lots about him but never actually see him. Donald Ducks mother: Abuses him, plays part towards Donald’s depression and pyromania. Adult Actors Dennis Potter decided that for his play he wanted to cast adult actors to play the parts of the children, mainly because of the audience’s reaction to the plot. He felt that the audience would lose the ‘true meanings’ of the play, as they would sympathize with child actors. Potter took into consideration how child behavior differentiates when being watched by an audience, whereas adults would truthfully portray their emotions. My opinion In my opinion I think that Dennis Potters casting choice was a very bad decision. I see the play as more of a ‘joke’ than a serious piece of drama. The adult actors do not resemble children, but instead adults with mental difficulties, because of this I believe ‘Potter’ has done exactly what he wanted to avoid and took the ‘true meaning’ out of the play. Lesson 1 In our first lesson we began by exploring playing children, from womb to 2 years old. We turned off the lights to focus on the themes of loneliness and to focus on actually developing in the mother’s womb. I began in a tucked shape as foetus’ do we then turned the light on to represent the birth. From this point we were babies and infants developing gradually from 0-2 yrs. Examples of body language awareness Fetus: still, in a tucked position. Newborn: slight movement of limbs- visual and audio only. 3 months: As above, slight movement of head- side to side to explore surroundings – visual and audio only. 6-9 months: As above, able to roll over slightly-visual audio and kinesthetic. 12-18 months: Able to lift head alone and support self. Movement of all body parts now occurring – visual, audio and kinesthetic. 18-24 months: crawling to explore surroundings kinesthetically; Using objects to pull selves up. It is at this age we felt that we would be capable of interacting with other actors, by both voice and body language. I and Connie chose to play typical childhood activities (clapping games and pulling hair) and squabbling. We then continued our childhood explorations by spontaneously improvising a classroom scene. My drama teacher acted as a year 3 teacher and my peers and I as the year 3 class. We all interacted well with each other creating stereotypical characters and situations Our task was to build a ‘den’ in competition with the other team. We used stacked staging to act as a tower and I played a princess. We chose a fairytale scenario to portray childhood imagination. This also helped us maintain high energy levels which are compulsory for playing children. We used appropriate vocabulary such as ‘founded that firsted tho’ and ‘you are the bestest’ to show the simplicity of children’s language at 7 years old. We improvised arguments with both our own group and our opponents over props and spacing. We also chose to incorporate a fairytale storyline into it and take an opponent from the other team hostage. We also showed how our moods changed quickly e.g. falling out and then making up again. As I was acting I could find many similarities in my own and others performances in comparison to ‘Blue Remembered Hills’ characters. Hayley(me): Very similar to Angela. I remained seated at the top of our pretend towers dishing orders out and generally being very bossy. I also portrayed her flirtatious side by settling a row between 2 boys over who would be my prince â€Å"why don’t you both be princes then you can both kiss me!† This links to Angela because she is also very bossy and flirtatious. Warren: very similar to Raymond. He stayed well away from the arguments and instead chose to play alone with his pretend guns. Sophie: very similar to Audrey. Backed up everything I said (Angela). Held doll when I was climbing etc. Wanted attention constantly. Evaluation I think my performance as a 7 year old was well thought through. I used appropriate body language (free and wild) and voice (high pitched and squeaky) to portray my desired character. I think my performance was strongly influenced by my 7 year old brother and 5 year old sister. I managed to keep in role by keeping my energy levels high to feel more like my character. I enjoyed this performance even though I normally dislike spontaneous improvisation tasks. I learnt how important it is to keep up energy levels and momentum when performing as children, I strongly believe that this performance has helped me get the feel and prepare for childhood performances in the Blue Remembered Hills scenes. Lesson 2 Character exploration and Still image In our second lesson we were to perform a role play, reenacting a selected scene from the play. This was to allow us to empathize with the characters and familiarize ourselves with their relationship with each other. I selected the scene with Angela, Andrea and Donald Duck in the barn. We chose to stage this in the round to portray Donald’s isolation, the ’round enabled the audience feel close to us acting ‘feeling’ the tension. We used appropriate proxemics. There were a variety of characteristics to my role. It is in this scene that pathetic fallacy is used a lot as Donald’s emotions are portrayed by the grubby, battered barn. Physicalisation As I was playing the part of Angela I was aware that her personal characteristics would be very different to my own. I was familiar with Angela’s bossy, controlling ways from previous lessons. To portray her characteristics I did the following things: This posture showed that I was over confident. As you can see I had hold of the baby the whole time, although it was an effective way to portray status and authority it particularly helped me by restricting me with my hand gestures. I intimidated Donald at the end of the scene by using positioning and movement to my advantage. > I used good levels to show status > Positioned my body as someone with confidence would > Used very static and energetic movement to adapt to a 7 yr olds characteristics. I also used movement effectively when intimidating Donald. I circled him to show how my character controls the scene. I used centering which is a good technique to show a character physically. As this means that my character is ruled by a particular part of the body, I chose to use the arm holding the baby. When I walked, this arm would lead etc. This also emphasized my status due to possessing the doll. My facial expressions changed throughout the scene mainly because of the themes and emotions varying. My facial expressions always portrayed my hubris: which is my overconfidence. For example- concern ‘Oh dear. Poor, poor Donald’ (denoted from text) My expression was very interested and showed that my attention was solely on Donald. This showed the caring and imaginative side to Angela : I was also the ‘mommy’ which may have encouraged me to over-exaggerate. Another example- Anger and intimidation â€Å"Quack, Quack, Quack† (denoted from the text). My expression was very bold and frustrated. This showed my nasty streak. Chosen prop in scene: Doll Obvious choice as it helped me adapt to my character and her age. It helped me with my Physicalisation by restraining my body to certain movements. Helped me portray my authority, Relationships with others Angela shows her authority over Audrey and repeatedly gets her own way. â€Å"Course I be. I got the babby, aint I? It chunt your doll, Audrey† This dialogue portrays the authority in their friendship. The fact that Angela has the doll and is therefore able to play the mother proves how she has everything Audrey wants. Angela also gets a lot of attention from the boys which is why she gets jealous and frustrated when Audrey gets the attention from Donald, because of this Andrea copies Angela to ‘fit in’ The majority of the time the 2 characters get along with each other very well, especially when they play ‘house’ and get to play the main parts. However when Donald interacts with Audrey, Angela gets angry at him and bullies him: she becomes very violent towards him. The proxemics shows the audience how the characters feel about each other. This means the way that space is being used to communicate meaning. Communication Lesson 3 We used hot-seating in our 3rd lesson. Hot-seating is where one person takes on the role of a character and answer questions asked by the rest of the group in the way they believe the character would respond. Hot-seating is used to gain a deeper understanding of a specific character. Below are some of the questions we asked ‘Donald Duck’ along with his answers. Any Brothers and sisters? Did have a baby sister but died from smallpox 3 years ago. Who’s your best friend? I like the girls because I can play house with them. Was your father violent? No my daddy didn’t believe in violence he was a Christian, an honest man. Favorite color? Red like blood. Does your mum hit you because you’re naughty? I aint no naughty boy she just gets cross at me sometimes that’s all. Why are you more comfortable around the girls? Yes because they let me play and they don’t fight like Peter does. Denoted means information taken straight from the script. Connoted means to imply and read between the lines. D- Has shoes but no socks. Timid and anaemic C- poor, not nourished, not cared for? D-Collects empty jam jars for money. C- Look after himself. Independent. D- Doesn’t like smacking of the baby â€Å"not in my house† C- Past experiences? Treat kids nicely. D- talks about blood a lot when playing house with the girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬ blood all over the saw. Blood all over me. Blood everywhere. Blood, blood† C- Used to seeing it? Psychotic, fascinated by it. D- Lets have four sugars eh? C- Not normally got it, Rationing. Treat for him. D- imitates authority by banging up and down shouting for his tea. C- men dominating?, not used to power. D- Enjoys playing with the girls†¦he hugs himself with glee, rocking slightly C- Nice females: is different to usual, don’t really fit in with boys, attention D- Doesn’t like being called Donald Duck. Goes into a psychotic frenzy as girls jeer and pull his hair. He howls but is totally submissive. C- Used to violence? Hates it because his name is not friendly, derogatory term. D- Donald wouldn’t show Willie his jam jars until he threatened to kick his head in. The boys think he is a weed and a cry baby â€Å"one punch and he’ll give in† C-They know past history, again evident from Angela in the barn. They use it against him. D- He’s got hold of a box of matches by going through his mam’s handbag. The boys discuss how she knocks him about, he sets light to the coal shed after she locks him up in it. C- Pyromania, get rid of bad memories. Fire is something he can control, shows status, redeeming feature. Development section We were asked to get into groups of 4 and elaborate and create a piece of drama around the stimulus below. We decided to use flashbacks to portray Donald’s emotions. Flashbacks represent and explore the background and emotions of a character or a story; we used this as we believed this to be an appropriate way to portray Donald’s motives. As flashbacks are used to provide information about a characters past to explain a present situation. We chose to pick scenes where Donald was being abused and victimized by a variety of different people. We portrayed a life of sadness and abuse in all of our scenes. We also used imaging to represent Donald’s feelings beneath the surface of his actual character. 1st Flashback We showed the thing Donald most longs for†¦his Dad. We tell the audience through dialogue how his father went to war and Donald begged him not to go. 2nd Flashback We showed how mother abuses him and how he is really scared of her. 3rd Flashback Here we denoted from the text. Audrey â€Å"smack er one Donald† Angela† Yes, and if he hits me I shall tell is mam. Her’ll skin him alive won’t her? She hits you with the poker, don’t she? Both â€Å"Quack, quack,† ( hit him etc) We then got Donald to show how he longs to be loved and accepted; he begged and showed the audience his innocence. † please, please don’t, you promised† we then went silent to add a contrast of noise and tranquility. However this was again totally contrasted by Peter shouting at him. 4th flashback Peter: â€Å"where them jam jars, dem girls told me you ad um!† Donald: â€Å"No I aint ad no jars† Girls enter and create a sound collage ( soundscape) â€Å"yes you did, you ad 10 jars you said† â€Å"Dont lie you said† ‘Liar† etc., etc. The soundscaping (Sound collage) was used to emphasize and build a dramatic ending . Soundscaping is where the voice and body is used to create sound associated with the atmosphere. We used a tableau at the end. Also known as a freeze frame or still image: characters freeze as if it is a photograph. We used positioning and levelling: > Surrounded Donald to show his isolation > Peter and girls stood up to show authority > Donald sat down to show his lower status compared to the others At the end all characters froze and we used direct address (where character speaks directly to the audience): this created dramatic irony. It could be argues that this is a soliloquy as it was also a thought spoken out aloud. Donald: â€Å"All I wanted was my dad† Throughout our piece Donald remained on stage rocking and continuously repeating his speech in the stimulus, this emphasized his emotions and gained him sympathy from the audience. When not acting the remaining cast kept our backs to the audience and remained still and focused. This lesson we had to prepare a short piece of drama based on scene 6 of Blue Remembered Hills. The squirrel scene includes all of the boys apart from Donald. We used the script and kept the scene totally naturalistic as this is the way that Dennis Potter intended. We began by getting into groups of 4 and planning our piece. We had to decide who was to play which character. I played Raymond, Rebecca played Willie, Reece played the antagonist John and Tom was the protagonist Peter. An antagonist is the character who has some kind of conflict with the main character (in this scene the main character is Peter). A protagonist is the main character who has some kind of conflict with another character. Another difficult choice was choosing the most suitable staging: After studying all of the good and bad points of every staging, we decided to use a thrust stage. We thought this would be most fitting as it makes the audience feel close to our performance, feeling all o our emotions with us. It also allowed us to use the top of the thrust as a focal point to position the squirrel. As the scene was set n the woods we decided that we needed something to act as tree-stumps not only to set the scene but to also help us with our Physicalisation as we were able to sit, stand and ‘hang’ off them. This also provided us with levels. We began our scene differently to everybody else, instead of beginning with the actual killing of the squirrel we decided to start after this where all of the characters are silent and full of guilt. We used ad-lib (adding our own speech) at the start of the scene to build tension and portray the boys feelings of uncertainty and regret. As we began our piece with an anti-climax it emphasized the themes within the scene such as sadness and lament. We then ran the scene using the script. Throughout the scene it was compulsory that we changed our voice to suit our character. As the play was set in the West Country in 1943 we not only had to change our accent to suit the place but also our spoken language (during ad-lib) to suit the era. Our tone, pitch, pace and volume all changed throughout the piece along with the mood: for example at the begging where there is a major anti-climax our mood is sad and our spirit is low therefore our voice must portray our state of mind. I spoke at a very slow space, with a very low pitch, volume and tone; this was to emphasize the themes of sadness and regret. However, because Raymond has a stutter I found that it was particularly difficult to add all of the voice changes as well as the stutter. As I was a 16 year old girl playing the part of a 7 year old boy there was an awful lot of thinks I had to consider in relation to my physicalisation. My posture was no longer feminine and mature, it was slouched and wild. My movement as a 7 year old was never ending; I constantly had to keep moving, whether it was slow when sad or quick when happy. My group also chose to use repetition of movement in our piece to emphasize a specific characteristic of our character: for example Raymond continuously went to the back wall of our stage to cry. This could also symbolize how Raymond is always at the back, away from all of the action. My positioning of Raymond was well thought through, I remained behind my other actors to show how I was the one against harming the squirrel as I was furthest away. I think that as I played a 7 year old boy well it has proved that I am versatile. Because we were to perform in our classroom we were unable to use lighting, sound or costumes. However if we were able to use them I believe that they would tremendously improve my piece. Costume colours Willie-Greys, whites and light blues to symbolize that he is plain. John -Greens, because it is a neutral colour for a neutral character. He is quite jealous of Peter being the strongest. Peter- Bold blacks and reds, as he is a bold character. Sinister. Raymond-Cowboy costume. Shown below. I believe that some recorded effects would have made our piece have more realism about it. A sound of rustling trees and the chirping of birds would have helped set the scene yet kept it realistic. Lighting would have kept the various themes and focus fluent throughout. I would have chosen the below gobos to set the scene During the ad-lib at the start I would have a white spotlight on the squirrel to make this the focal point for the audience: the white would represent its innocence I would use a red fresnel spot when Raymond says the word ‘dead’. The red would symbolize the death and blood. The fresnel spot is a lot softer like the mood than the par can for example. In our final lesson our task was to produce our own script including the character of Wallace Wilson. My script Silence. Donald sits alone, curled up tight, head down. He is shaking vigorously, rocking back and forth with continuous chanting. Donald: come back Dad, come back Dad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Suddenly, loud shouts and banging is heard off stage. Donald s startled and freezes immediately. (Offstage) Wallace Wilson’s mum: Gerrout! Gerrout thou feivin get! A loud smack is heard offstage, followed by a cry of pain. (Offstage) Wallace Wilson’s mum: Thou wouldn’t dream of stealin’ my matches if you Da’ were ere. A tall scruffy boy is seen entering stage right. He sits on the opposite side of the hay to Donald. Wallace is totally unaware of Donald’s presence. Donald remains silent and alert as Wallace Wilson begins to sob. Wallace Wilson: we†¦wel†¦well e’s not! Your ere ‘nd I dun’t lie you†¦ I dun’t like you at all! I†¦I wish you were dead. (pause) Donald: (whispered) I fink like that sometime, but I dun’t mean it like†¦ I dun’t mean it at all Wallace Wilson: (anxiously) He†¦Hello? Donald: Me Mam ‘its me sometime you know†¦ but I know she dun’t mean it like†¦ it cuza me Dad†¦Jap’s ‘ave got ‘im. Wallace Wilson: Jap’s ‘ave got ya Da’? Donald: Yh 2 year now. Wallace Wilson: (hesitantly) mine too. (Awkward silence) Wallace Wilson continues to wipe the tears from his eyes. Donald lies on his back and gazes up towards the ceiling deep in thought. Donald: Does thou mam drink the clear stuff ‘eh? Wallace Wilson: Yh, Yh she do. She says it ‘elp ‘er like but it don’t. Both boys remain silent and both reflect on their home situations. They become more relaxed in their environment however tug on their clothes to feel more secure. (Suddenly Donald breaks the silence) Donald: She use the poker like? (Short pause) Wallace Wilson: (Softly) Yh. Donald: Belt? Wallace Wilson: (softly) Yh. (Short pause) Donald: For nothin’. Wallace Wilson: For nowt. (Really long pause) Donald stands up Donald: so†¦ thou got any matches? Wallace Wilson: erm†¦ well yer I ‘ave†¦ I just gotta†¦ A young, pretty blonde girl enters stage right. Angela: Who be dere? Wallace Wilson turns and looks in her direction. He quickly wipes his eyes and changes back to his usual boisterous self. Angela: Oh†¦Oh Wallace thou din’t know it were you like. On the name of ‘Wallace Wilson’ Donald realizes whom is actually on the other side of the hay and quickly scarpers stage left. Angela flirtatiously plays with her hair Wallace Wilson: I were ’bout t’ start a fire like†¦ I got me matches. Wallace reveals a box of matches from his back pocket. The end Setting We decided to set our scene in the barn as we felt that this could act as both characters refuge. We felt that comparing the most powerful character with the most weakest would be very effective in terms of similarities and comparisons. Costumes I would like to experiment with costume and maybe dress both characters in the same way. I would dress both characters in dirty clothes, light blue and white in colour. The light blue would symbolize both boys’ sadness and the white their innocence. Dressing hem both similarly would further emphasize their similarities. Sound and music As this scene is totally dependant on he emotions being portrayed through sound it is compulsory that we kept unnecessary sounds to a minimum. Silence was the most effective form of sound, as it symbolized how both boys had suffered in silence. Silence also made the scene awkward and built up tension. Make up I wouldn’t use any ‘fantasy make up’ however I would use a mixture of ‘straight make up’ and ‘character make up’ to add dirt and wounds and scars. Masks Masks could be worn by both characters at the start of the scene and then removed when the boys feel comfortable opening up about their lives. This would make the audience aware of the boys’ feelings towards each other. Lighting At the beginning where Donald is alone and rocking, I believe that a stropescope (where lighting flickers to a rhythm would be really effective. Throughout the piece I would use a fresnel spot as it would create a soft effect as it spreads the light more gently. Another advantage of using this lighting is that it can be focused on a character at an important time. I would use either a white (innocence) or blue (sadness) cinemoid (gel). Levels Both boys were sat down to show they are not very powerful or confident. Both stand up at the end however to show how they have become confident in each others company. Set and Props A haystack (or substitute) to symbolize the barrier between the boys. Movement We wanted very little movement to show the tension and awkwardness between the boys. Voice Use both high and low volume depending on the characters mood and confidence. We also changed our tone depending on our confidence. We used appropriate spoken language in our piece. Staging I believe there to be 2 effective staging Proscenium arch and traverse. Proscenium arch This enables the audience to see both sides of the haystack, and both boys actions and reactions to each other. However the audience is not ‘close’ to the scene. Traverse This is effective as the audience feel ‘close’ to the actors this enforces the tension upon them. Although the audience are nearer it is quite possible that they are unable to see both characters due to blocking.